Edinburgh 34 (P453174)

Legal tablet excavated in Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir), dated to the Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) period and now kept in National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

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Text / annotations

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Chemical Data

Seal Chemistry

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Museum Collection(s)

National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Number

NMS A.1911.203.06

Period

Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Provenience

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal (sale)

Language(s)

Akkadian

Measurements

53.0 mm × 36.0 mm × 19.0 mm

tablet
obverse
1. _1(iku) GAN2 {gesz}kiri6_
2. _da {gesz}kiri6_ a-li2-pa-dingir
3. u3 _da pa5_
4. _sag-bi i7-da_
5. u3 _e_ {d}szul-gi
6. li-im-t,i3 li-tar
7. sza szum-szu-nu-wa-tar2-ma
8. _sa10 til-la-ni-sze3_
9. _1/2(disz) ma-na 5(disz) gin2 3(u) 2(disz) 1/2(disz) sze ku3-babbar_
10. _in-na-an-la2_
11. _ki_ dingir-ba!(UD)-ni
12. _dumu_ ba-zi-nu-um
reverse
1. {disz}szum-szu-nu-wa-tar2
2. _in-szi-sa10_
3. _gesz-gan-na ib2-ta-bala_
4. _mu lugal-bi_
5. _in-pa3-de3-esz_
6. _igi_ im-di-er3-ra
7. _igi_ er3-ra-ga-sze-er
8. _igi_ i-bi-{d}en-lil2
9. _igi_ {d}suen-i-din-nam
10. _igi_ i-di-isz-{d}za-ba4-ba4
11. _igi_ ARAD2-{d}suen _dumu_ za-na-a-a
12. _iti NE-NE-gar_
13. _mu ka-zal-lu{ki} ba-an-dab_
seal 1
1. dingir-ba-ni
2. dumu ba-zi-nu-um

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Consult word list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

  • Artifact type: Tablet
  • Material: Clay
  • Measurements (mm): 53.0 high × 36.0 wide × 19.0 thick
  • Weight:
  • Artifact Preservation: complete
  • Condition Description:
  • Join Information:
  • Seal no.:
  • Seal information:
  • Artifact comments:


  • primary: Edinburgh, 34

    [Dalley1979Edinburgh] Dalley, Stephanie. 1979. A Catalogue of the Akkadian Cuneiform Tablets in the Collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, with Copies of the Texts. Art & Archaeology 2. Edinburgh: The Royal Scottish Museum.

  • history: Hammurabi's Gesetz 6, no. 1588

    [Koschaker1923HG6] Koschaker, Paul, and Arthur Ungnad. 1923. Hammurabi’s Gesetz. Band VI: Übersetzte Urkunden Mit Rechtserläuterungen. Leipzig: Eduard Pfeiffer.

  • history: PSBA 33, 194 no. 9

    [Langdon1911PSBA33] Langdon, Stephen H. 1911. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 33.

  • Composite No.:
  • Museum No.: NMS A.1911.203.06
  • Accession No.:

  • Provenience: Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)
  • Elevation:
  • Stratigraphic Level:
  • Excavation No:
  • Findspot Square:
  • Findspot Comments:

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2024-06-01 at 19:04:15 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2022-08-15 at 15:16:03 Jagersma, Bram Atf Jagersma, Bram CDLI approved View
2022-08-15 at 13:54:22 Jagersma, Bram Atf Jagersma, Bram CDLI approved View
2013-06-27 at 00:00:00 CDLI Artifact Reid, Nicholas; Wagensonner, Klaus CDLI approved View

Consult this artifact as presented on the website of collections and projects:

    There is no external resource for this artifact yet.

General Notes: -
CDLI Notes: -

Cite this Artifact

“Edinburgh 34 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453174.
Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (No. P453174). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Original work published 2013)
Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Accessed: December 31, 2025).
@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-12-31]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 34 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453174
LB  - CDLI:P453174
M1  - 2025/12/31/
TI  - Edinburgh 34 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453174
ER  - 

Cite this Artifact

“Edinburgh 34 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453174.
Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (No. P453174). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Original work published 2013)
Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Accessed: December 31, 2025).
@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-12-31]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 34 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453174
LB  - CDLI:P453174
M1  - 2025/12/31/
TI  - Edinburgh 34 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453174
ER  - 
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