Edinburgh 34 (P453174)

Legal tablet excavated in Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir), dated to the Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) period and now kept in National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Cite

Photo

Lineart

Museum Collection(s)

National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Number

NMS A.1911.203.06

Period

Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Provenience

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal (sale)

Language(s)

Akkadian

Measurements

53.0 mm × 36.0 mm × 19.0 mm

Text

tablet
obverse
1. _1(iku) GAN2 {gesz}kiri6_
2. _da {gesz}kiri6_ a-li2-pa-dingir
3. u3 _da pa5_
4. _sag-bi i7-da_
5. u3 _e_ {d}szul-gi
6. li-im-t,i3 li-tar
7. sza szum-szu-nu-wa-tar2-ma
8. _sa10 til-la-ni-sze3_
9. _1/2(disz) ma-na 5(disz) gin2 3(u) 2(disz) 1/2(disz) sze ku3-babbar_
10. _in-na-an-la2_
11. _ki_ dingir-ba!(UD)-ni
12. _dumu_ ba-zi-nu-um
reverse
1. {disz}szum-szu-nu-wa-tar2
2. _in-szi-sa10_
3. _gesz-gan-na ib2-ta-bala_
4. _mu lugal-bi_
5. _in-pa3-de3-esz_
6. _igi_ im-di-er3-ra
7. _igi_ er3-ra-ga-sze-er
8. _igi_ i-bi-{d}en-lil2
9. _igi_ {d}suen-i-din-nam
10. _igi_ i-di-isz-{d}za-ba4-ba4
11. _igi_ ARAD2-{d}suen _dumu_ za-na-a-a
12. _iti NE-NE-gar_
13. _mu ka-zal-lu{ki} ba-an-dab_
seal 1
1. dingir-ba-ni
2. dumu ba-zi-nu-um

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Consult word list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Text content

Genre(s)	Legal (sale)
Language(s)	Akkadian

Chronology

Period	Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Dates Referenced	Sumu-abum.13.05.00
Accounting Period

Record

CDLI number	P453174
Permalink	https://cdli.network/entity/P453174

Physical information

Artifact type	Tablet
Dimensions	53.0 mm × 36.0 mm × 19.0 mm
Weight
Material(s)	Clay
Preservation	complete (Surface: Good)

Provenance

Provenience	Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)
Written In
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s)	National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Museum Number	NMS A.1911.203.06
Accession Number

References

primary: Edinburgh, 34

[Dalley1979Edinburgh] Dalley, Stephanie. 1979. A Catalogue of the Akkadian Cuneiform Tablets in the Collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, with Copies of the Texts. Art & Archaeology 2. Edinburgh: The Royal Scottish Museum.
history: Hammurabi's Gesetz 6, no. 1588

[Koschaker1923HG6] Koschaker, Paul, and Arthur Ungnad. 1923. Hammurabi’s Gesetz. Band VI: Übersetzte Urkunden Mit Rechtserläuterungen. Leipzig: Eduard Pfeiffer.
history: PSBA 33, 194 no. 9

[Langdon1911PSBA33] Langdon, Stephen H. 1911. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 33.

Revisions and credits

Created	Creator	Type	Authors	Reviewer	Status
2024-06-01 at 19:04:15	Firth, Richard	Artifact metadata, Other metadata	Firth, Richard	Firth, Richard	Approved
2022-08-15 at 15:16:03	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2022-08-15 at 13:54:22	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2013-06-27 at 00:00:00	CDLI	Artifact metadata	Reid, Nicholas; Wagensonner, Klaus	CDLI	Approved

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 34 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453174.

Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (No. P453174). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Accessed: April 17, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-17]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 34 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453174
LB  - CDLI:P453174
M1  - 2026/4/17/
TI  - Edinburgh 34 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453174
ER  -

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 34 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453174.

Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (No. P453174). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 34 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453174 (Accessed: April 17, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-17]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 34 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453174},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453174
LB  - CDLI:P453174
M1  - 2026/4/17/
TI  - Edinburgh 34 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453174
ER  -