SAOC 44, 15 (P257367)

Business / Contracts tablet excavated in Nippur (mod. Nuffar), dated to the Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) period and now kept in Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Metadata / catalogue

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Text / annotations

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Chemical Data

Seal Chemistry

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Metadata history Transliteration history
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Museum Collection(s)

Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Museum Number

UM 55-21-246

Period

Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)

Provenience

Nippur (mod. Nuffar)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal > Business / Contracts (adoption Adoption contract; PN1 adopts PN2 and makes him co-heir with PN3; bur-gul seal of 2 heirs; clauses with tukum-bi; 17x21 lines; 10.3x5.7)

Language(s)

Sumerian

Measurements

-

tablet
obverse
1. {disz}{d}x [...]
2. {disz}{d}x [...]
3. _nam-dumu-[ne-sze3]_
4. _ba-da-[an-ri]_
5. _ha-la-ba_ [...]
6. a-na {disz#}[...]
7. {disz}{d}utu-[...]
8. _szu ba#-[ab-te-ge26]_
9. _tukum#-[bi_ ...]
10. {disz}{d}[...]
11. u3 [...]
12. _ad-da-[mu nu]-me-en#_
13. _ba-an-[na-du11]_
14. 1/3(disz) _ma-[na] ku3-babbar i3-la2-[e]_
15. u3 _tukum#-bi#_
16. [...]
reverse
1. {disz}{d}utu-sze-mi {disz}{d}en-lil2-a-bi
2. u3 ta-bi-a _ama-ni_
3. _ama-mu nu-me-en ba-an#-[na-du11]
4. 1/3(disz) _ma-na ku3-babbar i3-la2-[e]_
5. {disz}ip-qu2-{d}da-mu _ad-da-[ni]_
6. u3 _ibila-a-ni a-na-me-e-bi_
7. _sze-ga-ne-ne_ tu-pa-am gesz? [...]
8. _igi_ {d}en-lil2-za-me-en
9. _dumu_ lu2-ga-tum
10. _igi_ a-pil-i3-li2-szu _dumu_ a-ba#?-[...]
  SAOC 44 reads: dumu a-ba-[...] contra KU# in copy
11. _igi_ e2-a-li-ri-im _dumu_ a-[...]
12. _igi_ {d}suen-im-gur!-ra-an-[ni ...]
13. _igi_ {d}da-mu-ga-x-x [...]
14. _igi_ {d}da-mu-DU-[...]
15. _igi_ sza-ma-a-a-tum [...]
16. _igi_ u-bar-{d}utu dumu u2-[...]
17. _igi_ a-wi-li-ia _bur-[gul_]
18. _igi_ al-ma-sza [...]
19. _iti kin-{d}inanna#_ [...]
20. _bad3 [an?]-da#? sa2?-a?-[...] na#? [...]_
  SAOC 44 reads date as: Sin-iddinam 16/4/20
seal 1
1. {d}en-lil2-a-bi
2. _dumu_ {d}nin-urta-a-bi
3. {d}utu-sze-mi
4. _dumu_ ip-qu2-{d}da#-[mu]

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)
Consult word list of Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)

  • Artifact type: Tablet
  • Material: Clay
  • Measurements (mm):
  • Weight:
  • Artifact Preservation:
  • Condition Description:
  • Join Information:
  • Seal no.:
  • Seal information:
  • Artifact comments:

  • Genre(s): Legal > Business / Contracts (adoption Adoption contract; PN1 adopts PN2 and makes him co-heir with PN3; bur-gul seal of 2 heirs; clauses with tukum-bi; 17x21 lines; 10.3x5.7)
  • Language(s): Sumerian

  • primary: SAOC 44, 15

    [Stone1987neighborhoods] Stone, Elizabeth C. 1987. Nippur Neighborhoods. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 44. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.

  • history: MC 3, 10

    [Stone1991Adoption] Stone, Elizabeth C., and David I. Owen. 1991. Adoption in Old Babylonian Nippur and the Archive of Mannum-Mešu-Liṣṣur. Vol. 3. Mesopotamina Civilizations.

  • Composite No.:
  • Museum No.: UM 55-21-246
  • Accession No.:

  • Provenience: Nippur (mod. Nuffar)
  • Elevation:
  • Stratigraphic Level:
  • Excavation No: 3N-T0096
  • Findspot Square:
  • Findspot Comments:

    OI/UM 1951-52: TA 184, level XA 1

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2024-07-02 at 08:17:02 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2023-01-19 at 10:20:17 Pagé-Perron, Émilie Artifact Földi, Zsombor J.; Jiménez, Enrique; Pagé-Perron, Émilie Electronic Babylonian Library Pagé-Perron, Émilie approved View
2020-01-16 at 10:10:34 Foxvog, Daniel A. Atf Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI approved View
2005-02-24 at 00:00:00 CDLI Artifact Fitzgerald, Madeleine; Peterson, Jeremiah CDLI approved View

Consult this artifact as presented on the website of collections and projects:

General Notes: -
CDLI Notes: -

Cite this Artifact

“SAOC 44, 15 Artifact Entry.” (2005) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 2, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P257367.
SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry (No. P257367). (2024, July 2). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P257367 (Original work published 2005)
SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P257367 (Accessed: October 21, 2025).
@misc{2024SAOC,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-21]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 2},
	title = {SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P257367},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P257367},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/2/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P257367
LB  - CDLI:P257367
M1  - 2025/10/21/
TI  - SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P257367
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“SAOC 44, 15 Artifact Entry.” (2005) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 2, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P257367.
SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry (No. P257367). (2024, July 2). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P257367 (Original work published 2005)
SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P257367 (Accessed: October 21, 2025).
@misc{2024SAOC,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-21]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 2},
	title = {SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P257367},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P257367},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/2/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P257367
LB  - CDLI:P257367
M1  - 2025/10/21/
TI  - SAOC 44, 15 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P257367
ER  -
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