OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 (P213192)

Legal kudurru excavated in Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar), dated to the Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC) period and now kept in Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

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Text / annotations

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Chemical Data

Seal Chemistry

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Photo (detail)

Lineart (detail)

Museum Collection(s)

Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Museum Number

OIM A—

Period

Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)

Provenience

Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar)

Artifact Type

Kudurru

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal

Language(s)

Akkadian

Measurements

Text

tablet
obverse
column 1
1. [2(bur3@c)] _GAN2_
2. _sa10#_-su
3. 1/3(asz@c){sza} 4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
4. 5(u@c) _la2_ 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
5. isz-ki-nu-[su]
6. 2(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-[babbar_]
7. [4(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
8. 1(asz@c) ha-zi-[num2?]
9. 6(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
10. 6(asz@c) _BA-AN_
11. bi2-bi2
12. pu3#-i3-li2
13. [i3-li2]-tab-ba
14. [im-hu]-ru#
15. [n _GAN2_]
16. [...]
17. [...]
18. [...]
19. [...]
20. [...]
21. [...]
22. [...]
23. [...]
column 2
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [im-hu-ru]
7. [1(bur3) 1(esze3) _GAN2_]
8. [_sa10_-su]
9. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) [4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
10. 3(u@c) [2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
11. isz-ki-nu#-[su]
12. [1(asz@c) _gin2 ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
13. [2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
14. [4(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_]
15. [4(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
16. [...]
17. [_dumu_ ...]
18. [szi ...]
19. [...]
20. [_dumu_ ...]
21. [im-hu-ra]
22. [n GAN2]
23. [...]
24. [...]
column 3
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [...]
7. [...]
8. [...]
9. [...]
10. [...]-x-a-hu#
11. [sa2]-lim-a-hu
12. _dumu_ szi ga-ra-az-ni-isz
13. im-hu-ru
14. 1(esze3@c) 2(iku@c) _GAN2_
15. szu dingir-qar
16. [szi] bu#-la#-la
17. [_sa10_]-me-su
18. [1(u@c)] 6(asz@c)# _sze gur sag-gal2_
19. isz-ki-nu-su
20. 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
21. 1(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
22. [n] _SIG2-GAN_
23. [n _BA-AN_]
column 4
1. [...]
2. [im-hur]
3. [2(esze3@c)] _GAN2#_
4. [_sa10_]-su
5. [8(asz@c) _gin2] ku3-babbar_
6. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze] gur sag-gal2_
7. [isz-ki]-nu-su
8. [2(asz@c) _ma]-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
9. [1(asz@c)] 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
10. 2(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
11. [2(asz@c)] _BA-AN_
12. i#-mi-dingir
13. [_dumu_] pu3-{d}tiszpak
14. szi# u3-su
15. [...]-x
16. _dumu_ i#-[bi2]-bi2#
17. szi# [...]
18. [im-hu-ra]
19. 1(bur3@c) [_GAN2_]
20. _sa10_-[su]
21. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) _gin2# [ku3-babbar_]
22. 2(u@c) 4(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
23. isz-ki-nu-su
24. 1(asz@c) _gin2 ku3#-babbar#_
25. [2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
26. 3(asz@c)# [_SIG2-GAN_]
27. [3(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
column 5
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. im-hu#-[ra]
4. 2(esze3@c) [_GAN2_]
5. _sa10_-[su]
6. 8(asz@c) _gin2 [ku3-babbar_]
7. 1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
8. isz-ki-nu-su
9. 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
10. 1(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
11. 2(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
12. 2(asz@c) _BA#-[AN_]
13. [...]
14. [_dumu_ ...]
15. szi [...]
16. im-hur
17. 1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_
18. _sa10_-su
19. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
20. 3(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
21. isz-ki-nu-su
22. [1(asz@c)] _gin2#_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3#-[babbar_]
23. 2(asz@c)# 2(barig@c)# 4(ban2@c)# _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
24. 4(asz@c) [_SIG2-GAN_]
25. [4(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
26. [...]
column 6
1. [...]
2. [im-hur]
3. [n _GAN2_]
4. [_sa10_-su]
5. [n _ku3-babbar_]
6. [n _sze gur sag-gal2_]
7. [isz-ki-nu-su]
8. [n _ku3-babbar_]
9. [n _sze gur sag-gal2_]
10. [n _SIG2-GAN_]
11. [n _BA-AN_]
12. [isz-ma2]-dingir
13. [szu za]-ab#-tim
14. [er3]-e#-um
15. _dumu#_ [...]
16. im-hu-ra#
17. 2(esze3@c) _GAN2_
18. _sa10_-su#
19. 5(asz@c) _gin2 ku3#-[babbar_]
20. 1(u@c) 4(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) [_sze gur sag-gal2_]
21. 2(asz@c)# [n ...]
22. [...]
23. [...]
24. [...]
25. [...]
26. [...]
reverse
column 1
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [im-hu-ru]
6. [2(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
7. szu _sag#_-[...]
8. szi bar-du8_-[...]
9. _sa10_-su
10. 8(asz@c) _gin2 ku3 babbar_
11. 1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
12. isz-ki-nu-su
13. 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
14. 1(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
15. [2(asz@c)] _SIG2#-GAN_
16. 2(asz@c)# _BA-AN_
17. er3-e-um
18. _dumu_ isz-ma2-dingir
19. szi s,a-ab-tim
20. dingir-ra-bi2#
21. [_dumu_ ...]
22. [im-hu-ra]
23. [n _GAN2_]
24. [...]
25. [...]
column 2
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [...]
7. [...]
8. [...]-x-[...]
9. [_{munus}]balag#-di#_
10. [...]-e3-na
11. im#-hu-ra
12. 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_
13. _sa10_-su
14. 4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
15. 8(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
16. [isz-ki-nu-su]
17. [1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
18. [2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
19. [1(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_]
20. [1(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
21. [...]
22. [_dumu_ ...]
23. [im-hur]
24. [1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
25. [_sa10_-su]
26. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
27. [3(u@c) 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
column 3
1. [isz-ki-nu-su]
2. [1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
3. [2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
4. 4(asz@c)# [_SIG2-GAN_]
5. 4(asz@c) _BA-[AN_]
6. tu-tu
7. szu ib-la-ni x
8. i-te-[...]
9. _dumu_ [...]
10. im#-[hu-ra]
11. [n _GAN2_]
12. [...]
13. [...]
14. [...]
15. [...]
16. [...]
17. [...]
18. [...]
19. [...]
20. [...]
21. [...]
22. [...]
23. [im-hur]
24. [1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
25. [_sa10_-su]
26. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
27. [3(u@c) 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
column 4
1. [isz-ki-ni-su]
2. [1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
3. 2(asz@c)# 2(barig@c)# 4(ban2@c)# _sze# gur# sag#-gal2_
4. 4(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
5. 4(asz@c) _BA-AN_
6. wu#-zum-tum
7. _{munus}balag-di_
8. ka5-a
9. ma#-ga-ga
10. [...]
11. [_dumu_ ...]
12. [im-hu-ru]
rest broken
column 5
beginning broken
1'. _sa10_ 1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
2'. szunigin 4(u@c) _ma-na siki_
3'. _sa10_ 6(asz@c) _gin2_ 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
4'. szunigin 2(u@c) _sila3 i3_
rest broken
column 6
beginning broken
blank space
1'. _GAN2_ bi-er3-ti-in
2'. |ExPAP| at-li
3'. u3 |ExPAP| _ensi2_
4'. szu# ib-ri2:me{ki}
written ib-me-ri2{ki}

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)
Consult word list of Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)

Collections

Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Physical Information

Artifact type: Kudurru Artifact type comments:
kudurru
Material: Clay
Measurements (mm):
Weight:
Artifact Preservation:
Condition Description:
Join Information:
Seal no.:
Seal information:
Artifact comments:
kudurru

Text Information

Genre(s): Legal
Language(s): Akkadian

Related publications

primary: OIP 104, 043

[Gelb1991OIP104] Gelb, Ignace J., Piotr Steinkeller, and Robert M. Whiting. 1991. Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East: Ancient Kudurrus (ELTS). The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 104. https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/earliest-land-tenure-systems-near-east-ancient-kudurrus.
history: MAD 1, 45, 50, 51, 52, 58

[Gelb1951MAD1] Gelb, Ignace J. 1951. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary, No. 1. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press.
history: MAD 1, 54 + 55

[Gelb1951MAD1] Gelb, Ignace J. 1951. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary, No. 1. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press.

Identifiers

Composite No.:
Museum No.: OIM A—
Accession No.:

Provenience

Provenience: Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar)
Elevation:
Stratigraphic Level:
Excavation No: TA 1931 0005a, 4 + TA 1931 0006a, 5 + TA 1931 0006a, 6 + TA 1931 0006a, 2 + TA 1
Findspot Square:
Findspot Comments:

Chronology

Period: Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)
Dates Referenced:
Alternative Years:
Date Comments:
Accounting Period:

Revisions and credits

Created	Creator	Type	Authors	Reviewer	Status
2024-07-03 at 16:55:41	Firth, Richard	Artifact, Other Entity	Firth, Richard	Firth, Richard	approved
2017-03-03 at 09:55:18	Englund, Robert K.	Atf	CDLI	CDLI	approved
2012-11-16 at 12:05:31	Brumfield, Sara	Atf	Brumfield, Sara	CDLI	approved
2012-01-04 at 14:58:02	Brumfield, Sara	Atf	Brumfield, Sara	CDLI	approved
1970-01-01 at 00:00:00	CDLI	Artifact	Ajango, Kelsey M.; Englund, Robert K.; Friberg, Jöran; Goetze, Albrecht; Kienast, Burkhart; Kraus, Nicholas	CDLI	approved

External Resources

Consult this artifact as presented on the website of collections and projects:

There is no external resource for this artifact yet.

Notes

General Notes: -

CDLI Notes: -

Cite this Artifact

“OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 Artifact Entry.” (1970) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 3, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P213192.

OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (No. P213192). (2024, July 3). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Original work published 1970)

OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Accessed: October 31, 2025).

@misc{2024OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-31]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 3},
	title = {OIP 104, 043 + {MAD} 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/3/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P213192
LB  - CDLI:P213192
M1  - 2025/10/31/
TI  - OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P213192
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 Artifact Entry.” (1970) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 3, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P213192.

OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (No. P213192). (2024, July 3). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Original work published 1970)

OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Accessed: October 31, 2025).

@misc{2024OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-31]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 3},
	title = {OIP 104, 043 + {MAD} 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/3/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P213192
LB  - CDLI:P213192
M1  - 2025/10/31/
TI  - OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P213192
ER  -

Resources

Composite Texts

References

Tools

OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 (P213192)

Metadata / catalogue

Flat catalogue

Expanded catalogue

Linked catalogue

Text / annotations

Text data

Linked annotations

Related publications

Chemical Data

Seal Chemistry

Photo (detail)

Lineart (detail)

Text

Collections

Physical Information

Text Information

Related publications

Identifiers

Provenience

Chronology

Revisions and credits

External Resources

Notes

Cite this Artifact

Cite this Artifact