OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 (P213192)

Legal kudurru excavated in Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar), dated to the Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC) period and now kept in Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Museum Collection(s)

Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA

Museum Number

OIM A—

Period

Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)

Provenience

Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar)

Artifact Type

Kudurru

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal

Language(s)

Akkadian

Measurements

-

Text

tablet
obverse
column 1
1. [2(bur3@c)] _GAN2_
2. _sa10#_-su
3. 1/3(asz@c){sza} 4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
4. 5(u@c) _la2_ 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
5. isz-ki-nu-[su]
6. 2(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-[babbar_]
7. [4(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
8. 1(asz@c) ha-zi-[num2?]
9. 6(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
10. 6(asz@c) _BA-AN_
11. bi2-bi2
12. pu3#-i3-li2
13. [i3-li2]-tab-ba
14. [im-hu]-ru#
15. [n _GAN2_]
16. [...]
17. [...]
18. [...]
19. [...]
20. [...]
21. [...]
22. [...]
23. [...]
column 2
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [im-hu-ru]
7. [1(bur3) 1(esze3) _GAN2_]
8. [_sa10_-su]
9. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) [4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
10. 3(u@c) [2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
11. isz-ki-nu#-[su]
12. [1(asz@c) _gin2 ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
13. [2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
14. [4(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_]
15. [4(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
16. [...]
17. [_dumu_ ...]
18. [szi ...]
19. [...]
20. [_dumu_ ...]
21. [im-hu-ra]
22. [n GAN2]
23. [...]
24. [...]
column 3
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [...]
7. [...]
8. [...]
9. [...]
10. [...]-x-a-hu#
11. [sa2]-lim-a-hu
12. _dumu_ szi ga-ra-az-ni-isz
13. im-hu-ru
14. 1(esze3@c) 2(iku@c) _GAN2_
15. szu dingir-qar
16. [szi] bu#-la#-la
17. [_sa10_]-me-su
18. [1(u@c)] 6(asz@c)# _sze gur sag-gal2_
19. isz-ki-nu-su
20. 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
21. 1(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
22. [n] _SIG2-GAN_
23. [n _BA-AN_]
column 4
1. [...]
2. [im-hur]
3. [2(esze3@c)] _GAN2#_
4. [_sa10_]-su
5. [8(asz@c) _gin2] ku3-babbar_
6. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze] gur sag-gal2_
7. [isz-ki]-nu-su
8. [2(asz@c) _ma]-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
9. [1(asz@c)] 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
10. 2(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
11. [2(asz@c)] _BA-AN_
12. i#-mi-dingir
13. [_dumu_] pu3-{d}tiszpak
14. szi# u3-su
15. [...]-x
16. _dumu_ i#-[bi2]-bi2#
17. szi# [...]
18. [im-hu-ra]
19. 1(bur3@c) [_GAN2_]
20. _sa10_-[su]
21. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) _gin2# [ku3-babbar_]
22. 2(u@c) 4(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
23. isz-ki-nu-su
24. 1(asz@c) _gin2 ku3#-babbar#_
25. [2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
26. 3(asz@c)# [_SIG2-GAN_]
27. [3(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
column 5
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. im-hu#-[ra]
4. 2(esze3@c) [_GAN2_]
5. _sa10_-[su]
6. 8(asz@c) _gin2 [ku3-babbar_]
7. 1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
8. isz-ki-nu-su
9. 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
10. 1(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
11. 2(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
12. 2(asz@c) _BA#-[AN_]
13. [...]
14. [_dumu_ ...]
15. szi [...]
16. im-hur
17. 1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_
18. _sa10_-su
19. 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
20. 3(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
21. isz-ki-nu-su
22. [1(asz@c)] _gin2#_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3#-[babbar_]
23. 2(asz@c)# 2(barig@c)# 4(ban2@c)# _sze gur sag#-gal2#_
24. 4(asz@c) [_SIG2-GAN_]
25. [4(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
26. [...]
column 6
1. [...]
2. [im-hur]
3. [n _GAN2_]
4. [_sa10_-su]
5. [n _ku3-babbar_]
6. [n _sze gur sag-gal2_]
7. [isz-ki-nu-su]
8. [n _ku3-babbar_]
9. [n _sze gur sag-gal2_]
10. [n _SIG2-GAN_]
11. [n _BA-AN_]
12. [isz-ma2]-dingir
13. [szu za]-ab#-tim
14. [er3]-e#-um
15. _dumu#_ [...]
16. im-hu-ra#
17. 2(esze3@c) _GAN2_
18. _sa10_-su#
19. 5(asz@c) _gin2 ku3#-[babbar_]
20. 1(u@c) 4(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) [_sze gur sag-gal2_]
21. 2(asz@c)# [n ...]
22. [...]
23. [...]
24. [...]
25. [...]
26. [...]
reverse
column 1
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [im-hu-ru]
6. [2(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
7. szu _sag#_-[...]
8. szi bar-du8_-[...]
9. _sa10_-su
10. 8(asz@c) _gin2 ku3 babbar_
11. 1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
12. isz-ki-nu-su
13. 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
14. 1(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
15. [2(asz@c)] _SIG2#-GAN_
16. 2(asz@c)# _BA-AN_
17. er3-e-um
18. _dumu_ isz-ma2-dingir
19. szi s,a-ab-tim
20. dingir-ra-bi2#
21. [_dumu_ ...]
22. [im-hu-ra]
23. [n _GAN2_]
24. [...]
25. [...]
column 2
1. [...]
2. [...]
3. [...]
4. [...]
5. [...]
6. [...]
7. [...]
8. [...]-x-[...]
9. [_{munus}]balag#-di#_
10. [...]-e3-na
11. im#-hu-ra
12. 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_
13. _sa10_-su
14. 4(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_
15. 8(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_
16. [isz-ki-nu-su]
17. [1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
18. [2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
19. [1(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_]
20. [1(asz@c) _BA-AN_]
21. [...]
22. [_dumu_ ...]
23. [im-hur]
24. [1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
25. [_sa10_-su]
26. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
27. [3(u@c) 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
column 3
1. [isz-ki-nu-su]
2. [1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
3. [2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
4. 4(asz@c)# [_SIG2-GAN_]
5. 4(asz@c) _BA-[AN_]
6. tu-tu
7. szu ib-la-ni x
8. i-te-[...]
9. _dumu_ [...]
10. im#-[hu-ra]
11. [n _GAN2_]
12. [...]
13. [...]
14. [...]
15. [...]
16. [...]
17. [...]
18. [...]
19. [...]
20. [...]
21. [...]
22. [...]
23. [im-hur]
24. [1(bur3@c) 1(esze3@c) _GAN2_]
25. [_sa10_-su]
26. [1(u@c) 6(asz@c) _gin2 ku3-babbar_]
27. [3(u@c) 2(asz@c) _sze gur sag-gal2_]
column 4
1. [isz-ki-ni-su]
2. [1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_]
3. 2(asz@c)# 2(barig@c)# 4(ban2@c)# _sze# gur# sag#-gal2_
4. 4(asz@c) _SIG2-GAN_
5. 4(asz@c) _BA-AN_
6. wu#-zum-tum
7. _{munus}balag-di_
8. ka5-a
9. ma#-ga-ga
10. [...]
11. [_dumu_ ...]
12. [im-hu-ru]
  rest broken
column 5
  beginning broken
1'. _sa10_ 1(asz@c) _gin2_ 1(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
2'. szunigin 4(u@c) _ma-na siki_
3'. _sa10_ 6(asz@c) _gin2_ 2(asz@c) _ma-na-<tur> ku3-babbar_
4'. szunigin 2(u@c) _sila3 i3_
  rest broken
column 6
  beginning broken
  blank space
1'. _GAN2_ bi-er3-ti-in
2'. |ExPAP| at-li
3'. u3 |ExPAP| _ensi2_
4'. szu# ib-ri2:me{ki}
  written ib-me-ri2{ki}

Text content

Genre(s) Legal
Language(s) Akkadian

Chronology

Period Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)
Accounting Period

Record

Permalink https://cdli.network/entity/P213192

Physical information

kudurru

Artifact type Kudurru
kudurru
Dimensions
Weight
Material(s) Clay
Preservation

Provenance

Provenience Ešnunna (mod. Tell Asmar)
Written In
Excavation Number TA 1931 0005a, 4 + TA 1931 0006a, 5 + TA 1931 0006a, 6 + TA 1931 0006a, 2 + TA 1
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s) Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures West Asia & North Africa Museum, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Museum Number OIM A—
Accession Number

References

  • primary: OIP 104, 043

    [Gelb1991OIP104] Gelb, Ignace J., Piotr Steinkeller, and Robert M. Whiting. 1991. Earliest Land Tenure Systems in the Near East: Ancient Kudurrus (ELTS). The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications 104. https://oi.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/earliest-land-tenure-systems-near-east-ancient-kudurrus.

  • history: MAD 1, 45, 50, 51, 52, 58

    [Gelb1951MAD1] Gelb, Ignace J. 1951. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary, No. 1. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press.

  • history: MAD 1, 54 + 55

    [Gelb1951MAD1] Gelb, Ignace J. 1951. Sargonic Texts from the Diyala Region. Materials for the Assyrian Dictionary, No. 1. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press.

Revisions and credits

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2024-07-03 at 16:55:41 Firth, Richard Artifact metadata, Other metadata Firth, Richard Firth, Richard Approved View
2017-03-03 at 09:55:18 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration CDLI CDLI Approved View
2012-11-16 at 12:05:31 Brumfield, Sara Transliteration Brumfield, Sara CDLI Approved View
2012-01-04 at 14:58:02 Brumfield, Sara Transliteration Brumfield, Sara CDLI Approved View
1970-01-01 at 00:00:00 CDLI Artifact metadata Ajango, Kelsey M.; Englund, Robert K.; Friberg, Jöran; Goetze, Albrecht; Kienast, Burkhart; Kraus, Nicholas CDLI Approved View

Cite this Artifacts

“OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 Artifact Entry.” (1970) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 3, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P213192.
OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (No. P213192). (2024, July 3). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Original work published 1970)
OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Accessed: April 27, 2026).
@misc{2024OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-27]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 3},
	title = {OIP 104, 043 + {MAD} 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/3/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P213192
LB  - CDLI:P213192
M1  - 2026/4/27/
TI  - OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P213192
ER  -

Cite this Artifacts

“OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 Artifact Entry.” (1970) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). July 3, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P213192.
OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (No. P213192). (2024, July 3). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Original work published 1970)
OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P213192 (Accessed: April 27, 2026).
@misc{2024OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-27]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jul 3},
	title = {OIP 104, 043 + {MAD} 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P213192},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/7/3/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P213192
LB  - CDLI:P213192
M1  - 2026/4/27/
TI  - OIP 104, 043 + MAD 1, 054 + 055 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P213192
ER  -
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