Edinburgh 32 (P453172)

Business / Contracts tablet excavated in Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir), dated to the Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) period and now kept in National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Cite

Photo

Lineart

Museum Collection(s)

National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Number

NMS A.1911.203.04

Period

Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Provenience

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal > Business / Contracts (contract)

Language(s)

Measurements

69.0 mm × 48.0 mm × 21.0 mm

Text

tablet
obverse
1. _e2 du3-a_ er3-ra#-ga#-mi#-il#
2. [_ki?_] s,i-su2-na-aw-ra#-at
3. [...] a-hu-ni
4. [...] ARAD2-{d}nanna
5. [... {d}]suen#-ga-mi-il
6. [... x]-sza-a-a
7. [... e]-ri-ib-{d}suen
8. [... {d}]nanna-ki-ag2
9. [...] la-ma-sum2
10. [... e]-ri-ba-am-i3-li2
11. _[szu ba]-an-ti-esz_
12. _[...] gesz-ur3-ra-ni_
13. _[...]-SZE?-e-esz_
reverse
1. _tukum#-bi_ {disz}er3-ra-ga#-mil
2. _e2#? la-ba-an-kal_
3. _[n] ma-na ku3-babbar i3-la2-e-ne_
4. _iti 2(disz)-sze3 ib2-ta-gur-re-esz_
single ruling
5. _igi_ szu-isz8-tar2 _dumu_ pa-ap-pa-ru-um
6. _igi_ i-din-{d}suen
7. _dumu_ bur-ra-tum
8. _igi_ {d}suen-e-mu-qi2
9. _dumu_ hu-zu-bu-um
10. _igi_ im-gur-{d}suen _dumu_ a-hu-szi-na
11. _igi_ szum-ma-dingir _lu2-azlag2_
12. {disz}ik-ru-ut-sze-ru-um _dub-sar_

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Consult word list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Text content

Genre(s)	Legal > Business / Contracts (contract)
Language(s)

Chronology

Period	Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Dates Referenced	00.00.00.00
Accounting Period

Record

CDLI number	P453172
Permalink	https://cdli.network/entity/P453172

Physical information

Artifact type	Tablet
Dimensions	69.0 mm × 48.0 mm × 21.0 mm
Weight
Material(s)	Clay
Preservation	75 % (Surface: Good)

Provenance

Provenience	Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)
Written In
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s)	National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Museum Number	NMS A.1911.203.04
Accession Number

References

primary: Edinburgh, 32

[Dalley1979Edinburgh] Dalley, Stephanie. 1979. A Catalogue of the Akkadian Cuneiform Tablets in the Collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, with Copies of the Texts. Art & Archaeology 2. Edinburgh: The Royal Scottish Museum.
history: Hammurabi's Gesetz 6, no. 1993

[Koschaker1923HG6] Koschaker, Paul, and Arthur Ungnad. 1923. Hammurabi’s Gesetz. Band VI: Übersetzte Urkunden Mit Rechtserläuterungen. Leipzig: Eduard Pfeiffer.
history: PSBA 33, 190 no. 3

[Langdon1911PSBA33] Langdon, Stephen H. 1911. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 33.

Revisions and credits

Created	Creator	Type	Authors	Reviewer	Status
2024-06-01 at 19:04:15	Firth, Richard	Artifact metadata, Other metadata	Firth, Richard	Firth, Richard	Approved
2022-08-16 at 09:26:32	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2022-08-15 at 13:27:13	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2013-06-27 at 00:00:00	CDLI	Artifact metadata	Reid, Nicholas; Wagensonner, Klaus	CDLI	Approved

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 32 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453172.

Edinburgh 32 artifact entry (No. P453172). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453172 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 32 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453172 (Accessed: April 17, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-17]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 32 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453172},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453172},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453172
LB  - CDLI:P453172
M1  - 2026/4/17/
TI  - Edinburgh 32 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453172
ER  -

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 32 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453172.

Edinburgh 32 artifact entry (No. P453172). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453172 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 32 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453172 (Accessed: April 17, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-17]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 32 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453172},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453172},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453172
LB  - CDLI:P453172
M1  - 2026/4/17/
TI  - Edinburgh 32 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453172
ER  -