EA 023 (P270896)

Letter tablet excavated in Akhetaten (mod. el-Amarna), dated to the Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC) period and now kept in British Museum, London, UK

Metadata / catalogue

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Text / annotations

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Chemical Data

Seal Chemistry

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Metadata history Transliteration history
Lineart

Museum Collection(s)

British Museum, London, UK

Museum Number

BM 029793(Egypt)

Period

Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)

Provenience

Akhetaten (mod. el-Amarna)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Letter

Language(s)

Egyptian, Middle Babylonian peripheral

Measurements

-

tablet
obverse
1. a-na {disz}ni-im-mu-ri-ia _lugal kur_ mi-is,-ri-i
2. _szesz_-ia ha-ta-ni-ia sza a-ra-'a-a-mu
3. u3 sza i-ra-'a-a-ma-an-ni qi2-bi2-ma
4. um-ma {disz}du-usz-rat-ta _lugal_ mi-i-ta-an-ni
5. sza i-ra-'a-a-mu-ka e-mu-ka-ma
6. a-na ia-szi szul-mu a-na ka-a-sza lu-u2 szul-mu
7. a-na _e2_-ka a-na {munus}ta-a-tu4-he2-pa _dumu-munus_-ia
8. a-na _dam_-ka sza ta-ra-'a-a-mu lu-u2 szul-mu
9. a-na _dam_-ka a-na _dumu-mesz_-ka a-na _lu2-mesz gal_-ka
10. a-na _{gesz}gigir-mesz_-ka a-na _ansze-kur-ra-mesz_-ka
11. a-na _erin2-mesz_-ka a-na _kur_-ka u3 a-na
12. mim-mu-ka dan-nisz2 dan-nisz2 dan-nisz2 lu-u2 szul-mu
  double ruling
13. um-ma {d}inanna sza _iri_ ni-i-na-a _nin kur-kur_
14. gab2-bi-i-szi-na-ma a-na _kur_ mi-is,-ri-i
15. i-na _kur_ sza a-ra-'a-a-mu lu-ul-lik-ma-me
16. lu-us-sa3-he2-er-me a-nu-um-ma i-na-an-na
17. ul-te-e-bil2-ma it-tal-ka
  double ruling
18. a-nu-um-ma i-na ter-s,i a-bi-ia-ma
19. dingir?-isz?-be?-tu4 i-na _kur_ sza-a-szi it-tal-ka
20. [u3] ki-i-me-e i-na pa-na-a-nu-um-ma#
21. it-ta-szab-ma uk-te-eb-bi-du-szi#
reverse
1. u3 i-na-an-na _szesz_-ia a-na 1(u)-szu
2. _ugu_ sza pa-na-a-nu# li-ge-eb-bi-is-si
3. _szesz_-ia li-ge-eb-bi-is-su2 i-na ha-de-e
4. li-mesz3-szer3-szu-ma li-du-u-ra
  double ruling
5. {d}inanna _nin_ sza-me-e _szesz_-ia u3 ia-szi
6. li-is,-s,ur-an-na-szi 1(disz) me li-im _mu-mesz_
7. u3 he2-du-ta ra-bi-ta _nin_-ni5
8. a-na ki-la-a-al-li-ni li-id-din-an-na-szi-ma
9. u3 ki-i ta-a-bi i ni-pu-usz
  double ruling
10. {d}inanna a-na ia-szi-ma-a i-li#
11. u3 a-na _szesz_-ia la-a il-szu
  double ruling
  blank space
  (hieratic text)

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)
Consult word list of Middle Babylonian (ca. 1400-1100 BC)

  • Artifact type: Tablet
  • Material: Clay
  • Measurements (mm):
  • Weight:
  • Artifact Preservation:
  • Condition Description:
  • Join Information:
  • Seal no.:
  • Seal information:
  • Artifact comments:

  • primary: EA, EA 023

    [Knudtzon1915EA] Knudtzon, Jørgen A. 1915. Die El-Amarna-Tafeln. Leipzig : J. C. Hinrichs.

  • history: AOAT 201, p. 170-173 (transliteration, translation)

    [Adler1976AOAT201] Adler, Hans-Peter. 1976. Das Akkadische Des Königs Tušratta von Mitanni. Vol. 201. Alter Orient Und Altes Testament . Kevelaer : Butzon & Bercker ; Neukirchen-Vluyn : Neukirchener Verlag.

  • history: Moran Amarna letters, p. 61-62 (translation) [1992]

    [Moran1992Amarna] Moran, William L. 1992. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore ; London : Johns Hopkins University Press.

  • history: Greatness That Was Babylon, illus. 30 (photo, reverse) [1968]

    [Saggs1962Greatness] Saggs, Henry W. F. 1962. The Greatness That Was Babylon : A Survey of the Ancient Civilization of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley. London : Sidgwick & Jackson.

  • history: Ebeling, p. , p. 372-373 (translation)

    [sec51457] Ebeling, Erich. n.d.

  • history: BB, 10 and pl. 23 (copy, photo)

    [Ungnad1914BB] Ungnad, Arthur. 1914. Babylonische Briefe Aus Der Zeit Der Hammurapi-Dynastie. Vol. 6. Vorderasiatische Bibliothek.

  • history: RCAE 4, pl. 4, no. 11 (photo)

    [Waterman1936RCAE4] Waterman, Leroy. 1936. Vol. 4. Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire . Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.

  • citation: Finkel & Taylor, Cuneiform, Fig. 34

    [FinkelTaylor2015] Finkel, Irving L., and Jonathan Taylor. 2015. Cuneiform. British Museum.

  • Composite No.:
  • Museum No.: BM 029793(Egypt)
  • Accession No.:

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2025-04-23 at 12:20:11 de Ridder, Jacob Jan Artifact de Ridder, Jacob Jan de Ridder, Jacob Jan approved View
2024-11-06 at 19:23:20 Willighagen, Lars Artifact Willighagen, Lars Wikidata Willighagen, Lars approved View
2024-10-26 at 11:38:00 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-10-22 at 08:08:46 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-07-25 at 13:47:44 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-07-10 at 19:02:29 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-07-10 at 18:15:14 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-07-10 at 18:05:09 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-07-01 at 13:31:10 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2024-06-01 at 15:52:37 Firth, Richard Artifact, Other Entity Firth, Richard Firth, Richard approved View
2023-06-15 at 19:55:18 Rattenborg, Rune Artifact Rattenborg, Rune Geomapping Landscapes of Writing Rattenborg, Rune approved View
2023-05-31 at 20:37:46 Rattenborg, Rune Artifact Novotny, Jamie; Rattenborg, Rune Rattenborg, Rune approved View
2013-03-20 at 09:46:23 Englund, Robert K. Atf Englund, Robert K. CDLI approved View
2005-05-23 at 00:00:00 CDLI Artifact Johnson, J. Cale CDLI approved View

Consult this artifact as presented on the website of collections and projects:

General Notes: -
CDLI Notes: -

Cite this Artifact

“EA 023 Artifact Entry.” (2005) 2025. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). April 23, 2025. https://cdli.earth/P270896.
EA 023 artifact entry (No. P270896). (2025, April 23). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P270896 (Original work published 2005)
EA 023 artifact entry (2025) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P270896 (Accessed: October 4, 2025).
@misc{2025EA,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-04]},
	year = {2025},
	month = {apr 23},
	title = {EA 023 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P270896},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P270896},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2025/4/23/
PY  - 2025
ID  - P270896
LB  - CDLI:P270896
M1  - 2025/10/4/
TI  - EA 023 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P270896
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“EA 023 Artifact Entry.” (2005) 2025. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). April 23, 2025. https://cdli.earth/P270896.
EA 023 artifact entry (No. P270896). (2025, April 23). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P270896 (Original work published 2005)
EA 023 artifact entry (2025) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P270896 (Accessed: October 4, 2025).
@misc{2025EA,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2025-10-04]},
	year = {2025},
	month = {apr 23},
	title = {EA 023 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P270896},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P270896},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2025/4/23/
PY  - 2025
ID  - P270896
LB  - CDLI:P270896
M1  - 2025/10/4/
TI  - EA 023 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P270896
ER  -
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