N 3445 (P230658)

Business / Contracts tablet excavated in Nippur (mod. Nuffar), dated to the Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) period and now kept in Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Cite

Photo

Museum Collection(s)

Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Museum Number

N 3445

Period

Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)

Provenience

Nippur (mod. Nuffar)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal > Business / Contracts (Obv: Not preserved; Rev: Model contract Model contracts: houses. Obv. almost completely lost.)

Language(s)

Sumerian

Measurements

Text content

Genre(s)	Legal > Business / Contracts (Obv: Not preserved; Rev: Model contract Model contracts: houses. Obv. almost completely lost.)
Language(s)	Sumerian

Chronology

Period	Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)
Dates Referenced
Accounting Period

Record

CDLI number	P230658
LOD URI	https://cdli.network/entity/P230658

Physical information

Artifact type	Tablet
Dimensions
Weight
Material(s)	Clay
Preservation

Provenance

Provenience	Nippur (mod. Nuffar)
Written In
Archive
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s)	Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Museum Number	N 3445
Accession Number

External resources

External Resource	Identifiers
Penn Museum (Penn)	572070
Electronic Babylonian Library (eBL)	N.3445
Old Babylonian Model Contracts (OBMC)	P230658
Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities (ARMEP)	P230658

References

history: MSLF, no.61

[LiebermanUnpubms] Lieberman, Stephen J. nd. “Manual of Sumerian Legal Forms.”

Revisions and credits

Created	Creator	Type	Authors	Project	Reviewer	Status
2023-06-14 at 22:28:20	Rattenborg, Rune	Artifact metadata	Rattenborg, Rune	Geomapping Landscapes of Writing	Rattenborg, Rune	Approved
2023-06-01 at 18:47:18	Rattenborg, Rune	Artifact metadata	Novotny, Jamie		Rattenborg, Rune	Approved
2023-01-19 at 10:11:27	Pagé-Perron, Émilie	Artifact metadata	Földi, Zsombor J.; Jiménez, Enrique; Pagé-Perron, Émilie	Electronic Babylonian Library	Pagé-Perron, Émilie	Approved
2003-09-11 at 00:00:00	CDLI, CDLI	Artifact metadata	Veldhuis, Niek	Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts	CDLI, CDLI	Approved

Cite this Artifact

“N 3445 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2023. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 14, 2023. https://cdli.earth/P230658.

N 3445 artifact entry (No. P230658). (2023, June 14). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P230658 (Original work published 2003)

N 3445 artifact entry (2023) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P230658 (Accessed: October 26, 2026).

@misc{2023N,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-26]},
	year = {2023},
	month = {jun 14},
	title = {N 3445 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P230658},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P230658},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2023/6/14/
PY  - 2023
ID  - P230658
LB  - CDLI:P230658
M1  - 2026/10/26/
TI  - N 3445 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P230658
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“N 3445 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2023. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 14, 2023. https://cdli.earth/P230658.

N 3445 artifact entry (No. P230658). (2023, June 14). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P230658 (Original work published 2003)

N 3445 artifact entry (2023) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P230658 (Accessed: October 26, 2026).

@misc{2023N,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-26]},
	year = {2023},
	month = {jun 14},
	title = {N 3445 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P230658},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P230658},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2023/6/14/
PY  - 2023
ID  - P230658
LB  - CDLI:P230658
M1  - 2026/10/26/
TI  - N 3445 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P230658
ER  -