[{"id":174692,"designation":"JCS 05 (pp. 77-97)","bibtexkey":"Sollberger1951JCS5","year":"1951","entry_type_id":1,"how_published":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1359076","journal_id":21,"number":"3","pages":"77-97","title":"Thirty-Two Dated Tablets from the Reign of Ab\u012b-e\u0161u\u1e2b","volume":"5","proveniences":[],"artifact_assets":[],"external_resources":[{"id":462853,"entity_table":"publications","entity_id":174692,"external_resource_id":283,"external_resource_key":"10.2307\/1359076","external_resource":{"id":283,"external_resource":"Digital Object Identifier","base_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/","project_url":"https:\/\/doi.org","abbrev":"DOI"}}],"editors":[],"authors":[{"id":1253566,"publication_id":174692,"author_id":69,"author":{"id":69,"author":"Sollberger, Edmond","last":"Sollberger","first":"Edmond"}}],"journal":{"id":21,"journal":"Journal of Cuneiform Studies"},"entry_type":{"id":1,"label":"article"},"artifacts":[{"id":306997,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"JCS 05, 079","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"YBC 05962","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":"22.0","height":"47.0","width":"39.0","weight":null,"provenience_id":null,"period_id":18,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Abi-e\u0161u\u1e2b.--.04.25","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":6,"collection":"Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","collection_url":"https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu","slug":null,"description":"\u003Cp\u003EFounded in 1911, the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EYale Babylonian\u0026nbsp;Collection\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is a center of teaching and research. Located on the third floor of the Sterling Memorial Library, the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;houses over 45,000 artifacts. While the bulk of the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;is comprised of inscribed artifacts such as cuneiform tablets, it also houses many other artifacts from the ancient Near East, most notably cylinder and stamp seals, but also clay figurines, stone sculpture, and so forth.\u0026nbsp;It is one of the largest\u0026nbsp;collections\u0026nbsp;of seals and textual material from ancient Mesopotamia in North America and ranks among the leading\u0026nbsp;collections\u0026nbsp;in the world.\u0026nbsp;A complete reference library, a seminar room, and work space for visiting scholars invites researchers worldwide to conduct their research on primary materials.\u0026nbsp;The\u0026nbsp;Collection\u0026nbsp;aims to preserve, publish, and make available for everyone the artifacts it houses. In 2017 the Yale Babylonian\u0026nbsp;Collection\u0026nbsp;became formally affiliated with the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/peabody.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EYale Peabody Museum of Natural History\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp; This affiliation has opened up improved avenues for public exhibitions, as well as easy online dissemination of\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough generous support from the Council of Library and Information Resources (CLIR) and the National Endowment of the Humanities, two major digitization efforts are currently under way: By 2022 the entire\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;of cuneiform artifacts will be digitized using high-resolution HDR photography. Approximately 25 % will also be captured employing a Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) camera dome, which was built by the Electronics and Computer Science Department at\u0026nbsp;the University of Southampton. The second tier of the digitization project focuses on the cylinder and stamp seals. The cylinder seals are captured using a Betterlight system and Oxford\u0026rsquo;s SIANE seal imaging kit.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOur current catalogue lists\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022\/search\/?collection=Yale\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E34,754\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;items, a number that certainly will increase over time as new items previously uncatalogued will be added. Starting in 2022,\u0026nbsp;textual sources will be transliterated and translated in a major effort to make the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;even more accessible for researchers worldwide. Apart from the CDLI, all images are available on the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/collections.peabody.yale.edu\/search\/Search\/Advanced?collection=Anthropology\u0026amp;searchText2=BC\u0026amp;searchField2=CatalogNumber\u0026amp;matchTerms=AND\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum\u0026rsquo;s search portal\u003C\/a\u003E. Smaller sub-corpora will be shared with further online projects.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFind out more:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu\/beginnings\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EHistory of the\u0026nbsp;Collection\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/peabody.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum of Natural History\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/collections.peabody.yale.edu\/search\/Search\/Advanced?collection=Anthropology\u0026amp;searchText2=BC\u0026amp;searchField2=CatalogNumber\u0026amp;matchTerms=AND\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum Search Portal\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","is_pinned":true,"collection_actor":"Educational institution","collection_holding":"Collection","collection_actor_status":"Group","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"USA","region_gadm":"USA.7_1","district_gadm":"USA.7.5_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-72.9281,"location_latitude_wgs1984":41.3112,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":54,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":173482,"artifact_id":306997,"collection_id":6}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. 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"},"period":{"id":18,"sequence":19,"period":"Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)","name":"Old Babylonian","time_range":"ca. 1900-1600 BC"},"provenience":null,"entities_publication":{"id":276924646,"entity_id":306997,"publication_id":174692,"exact_reference":"079 ","publication_type":"primary","publication_comments":"credit Goetze","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":424102,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"JCS 05, 083, MAH 16217","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"MAH 16217","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":null,"period_id":18,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Abi-e\u0161u\u1e2b.28.00.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":293,"collection":"Mus\u00e9e d\u0027Art et d\u0027Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland","collection_url":"http:\/\/institutions.ville-geneve.ch\/fr\/mah","slug":null,"description":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1938 the Mus\u0026eacute;es d\u0026#39;Art et d\u0026#39;Histoire of Geneva acquired nearly a thousand cuneiform documents collected by the Assyriologist Alfred Boissier (1867-1945). This set was classified, studied and cataloged by Edmond Sollberger. His inventory, gradually updated by different curators in charge of the archaeological collections, was integrated into the computerized database of the institution by the Service of Scientific\u0026nbsp;Inventory and Documentation of the MAH.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough Professor Antoine Cavigneaux of the University of Geneva, a cooperation agreement was signed between the directorate of the MAH and the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). The data transfer from the museum to the CDLI was facilitated by \u0026Eacute;milie Pag\u0026eacute;-Perron, a graduate student at Geneva. Ludek Vacin of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, was granted access to the collection kept in the MAH and he scanned the tablets in July and November 2011, in accordance with the \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/cdli.ox.ac.uk\/wiki\/doku.php?id=submission_guidelines\u0022\u003Eprocedures and methods\u003C\/a\u003E described in the pages of the CDLI.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Mus\u0026eacute;es d\u0026#39;Art et d\u0026#39;Histoire of Geneva and the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative are pleased to present the new results of the scanning missions in the overview of related artifacts accessible below.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","is_pinned":true,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"CHE","region_gadm":"CHE.8_1","district_gadm":"CHE.8.1_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":6.15133,"location_latitude_wgs1984":46.1997,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":79,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":282768,"artifact_id":424102,"collection_id":293}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. 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Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":18,"sequence":19,"period":"Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)","name":"Old Babylonian","time_range":"ca. 1900-1600 BC"},"provenience":null,"entities_publication":{"id":276924498,"entity_id":424102,"publication_id":174692,"exact_reference":"083, MAH 16217","publication_type":"primary","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":424152,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"JCS 05, 083, MAH 16331","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"MAH 16331","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":null,"period_id":18,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Abi-e\u0161u\u1e2b.k.00.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":293,"collection":"Mus\u00e9e d\u0027Art et d\u0027Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland","collection_url":"http:\/\/institutions.ville-geneve.ch\/fr\/mah","slug":null,"description":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1938 the Mus\u0026eacute;es d\u0026#39;Art et d\u0026#39;Histoire of Geneva acquired nearly a thousand cuneiform documents collected by the Assyriologist Alfred Boissier (1867-1945). 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"},"period":{"id":18,"sequence":19,"period":"Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)","name":"Old Babylonian","time_range":"ca. 1900-1600 BC"},"provenience":null,"entities_publication":{"id":276924499,"entity_id":424152,"publication_id":174692,"exact_reference":"083, MAH 16331","publication_type":"primary","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":423872,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"JCS 05, 088, MAH 15889","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"MAH 15889","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":null,"period_id":18,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Abi-e\u0161u\u1e2b.q.00.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":293,"collection":"Mus\u00e9e d\u0027Art et d\u0027Histoire, Geneva, Switzerland","collection_url":"http:\/\/institutions.ville-geneve.ch\/fr\/mah","slug":null,"description":"\u003Cp\u003EIn 1938 the Mus\u0026eacute;es d\u0026#39;Art et d\u0026#39;Histoire of Geneva acquired nearly a thousand cuneiform documents collected by the Assyriologist Alfred Boissier (1867-1945). 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