[{"id":1645489,"designation":"ASJ 13, p.409-417","bibtexkey":"Horowitz1991BCT1","year":"1991","entry_type_id":1,"journal_id":13,"pages":"409-417","title":"Further notes on Birmingham Cuneiform Tablets, volume I","volume":"13","proveniences":[],"artifact_assets":[],"external_resources":[],"editors":[],"authors":[{"id":1232569,"publication_id":1645489,"author_id":955,"author":{"id":955,"author":"Horowitz, Wayne","last":"Horowitz","first":" Wayne"}},{"id":1232570,"publication_id":1645489,"author_id":842,"sequence":1,"author":{"id":842,"author":"Watson, Philip J.","last":"Watson","first":" Philip J."}}],"journal":{"id":13,"journal":"Acta Sumerologica"},"entry_type":{"id":1,"label":"article"},"artifacts":[{"id":105106,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 004","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0651_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160\u016b-Suen.03.03.18 (us2 year)","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39237,"artifact_id":105106,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978320,"entity_id":105106,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105170,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 068","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0605_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.47.07.05 (us2 year)","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39301,"artifact_id":105170,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474090,"entity_id":105170,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105178,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 076","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0634_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.02.07.01","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39309,"artifact_id":105178,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474091,"entity_id":105178,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105185,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 083","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0624_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.08.09.16","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39316,"artifact_id":105185,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474092,"entity_id":105185,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105186,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 084","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0611_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.08.10.16","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39317,"artifact_id":105186,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474093,"entity_id":105186,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105190,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 088","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0654_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.08.11.27","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39321,"artifact_id":105190,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276972674,"entity_id":105190,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"citation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105190,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 088","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.0654_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.08.11.27","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39321,"artifact_id":105190,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276972675,"entity_id":105190,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105223,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 121","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1189_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.39.03.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39354,"artifact_id":105223,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474099,"entity_id":105223,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 409","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105224,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 122","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1081_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.43.10.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39355,"artifact_id":105224,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474100,"entity_id":105224,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105228,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 126","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1660_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.03.03.19","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39359,"artifact_id":105228,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474101,"entity_id":105228,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105229,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 127","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1202_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.04.11.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39360,"artifact_id":105229,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474102,"entity_id":105229,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105230,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 128","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1106_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.07.02.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39361,"artifact_id":105230,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474103,"entity_id":105230,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105234,"cdli_comments":"20120409 englund: 142 1\/3 workdays dedicated to funeral of Shulgi","composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 132","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1135_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":306,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.48.11.00 (Reichskalender)","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39365,"artifact_id":105234,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":306,"provenience":"uncertain (mod. uncertain)","location_id":null,"place_id":null,"region_id":null,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978580,"entity_id":105234,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410-414","publication_type":"history","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105235,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 133","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1235_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":21,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.07.06.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39366,"artifact_id":105235,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":21,"provenience":"Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar)","location_id":568,"place_id":143,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978585,"entity_id":105235,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"citation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105235,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 133","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1235_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":21,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.07.06.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39366,"artifact_id":105235,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":21,"provenience":"Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar)","location_id":568,"place_id":143,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978586,"entity_id":105235,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105236,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 134","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1150_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":88,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":true,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"Owen, David I., JAOS 108, 115 (rather than Drehem)","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.33.11d.00 (intercalated) (us2 year)","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39367,"artifact_id":105236,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":88,"provenience":"Girsu (mod. Tello)","location_id":160,"place_id":56,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978591,"entity_id":105236,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"citation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105236,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 134","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1150_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":88,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":true,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"Owen, David I., JAOS 108, 115 (rather than Drehem)","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.33.11d.00 (intercalated) (us2 year)","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39367,"artifact_id":105236,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":88,"provenience":"Girsu (mod. Tello)","location_id":160,"place_id":56,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276978592,"entity_id":105236,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":null,"table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105238,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 136","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1377_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":160,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"\u0160ulgi.42.03.00, Amar-Suen.06.05.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"\u0160ulgi.42.03.00 to Amar-Suen.06.05.00","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39369,"artifact_id":105238,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":160,"provenience":"Puzri\u0161-Dagan (mod. Drehem)","location_id":126,"place_id":47,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474117,"entity_id":105238,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}},{"id":105241,"cdli_comments":null,"composite_no":null,"condition_description":null,"designation":"BCT 1, 139","elevation":null,"excavation_no":null,"findspot_comments":null,"findspot_square":null,"museum_no":"A.1094_1982","artifact_preservation":null,"is_public":true,"is_atf_public":true,"are_images_public":true,"seal_no":null,"seal_information":null,"stratigraphic_level":null,"surface_preservation":null,"thickness":null,"height":null,"width":null,"weight":null,"provenience_id":21,"period_id":15,"is_provenience_uncertain":false,"is_period_uncertain":false,"artifact_type_id":4,"accession_no":"","alternative_years":"","period_comments":"","provenience_comments":"","is_school_text":false,"written_in":null,"is_artifact_type_uncertain":false,"archive_id":null,"dates_referenced":"Amar-Suen.04.04.00","dates_referenced_comments":"","accounting_period":"","artifact_comments":null,"created_by":820,"retired":false,"has_fragments":false,"is_artifact_fake":false,"destroyed":null,"unlocated":null,"anepigraphic":null,"artifact_type_comments":null,"is_archive_uncertain":null,"redirect_artifact_id":null,"retired_comments":null,"collections":[{"id":494,"collection":"Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, Birmingham, UK","collection_url":"https:\/\/www.birminghammuseums.org.uk\/bmag","slug":null,"description":null,"is_pinned":false,"collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","collection_is_private":false,"country_iso":"GBR","region_gadm":"GBR.1_1","district_gadm":"GBR.1.4_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-1.90347,"location_latitude_wgs1984":52.4802,"location_accuracy":null,"glow_id":60,"license_id":null,"license_attribution":null,"license_comment":null,"_joinData":{"id":39372,"artifact_id":105241,"collection_id":494}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27,"description":"Tablets were the most common medium for writing in Mesopotamia. Styluses were impressed upon wet clay which, when sun dried or baked, would harden and preserve the text. Tablets were used for official letters and missives, economic archival texts, legal texts, religious documents and the recording of omen lists to educational texts and poetry. The \u003Ci\u003Elongue dur\u00e9e\u003C\/i\u003E of the clay tablet\u2019s use as a primary writing form and the durability of baked clay has led to an astounding number of tablets to survive to this day. Tablet here is the distinct and singular category of the baked clay text.There is no differentiation between the genre of the tablet but simply the materiality and dimensions of the object, be it lenticular of rectangular.Other forms of writing such as writing boards, prisms and cylinders are in categories of their own. Likewise the clay envelope casings that tablets were transported in are found in the envelope category. Similarly the category of \u2018Tablet \u0026amp; Envelope\u2019 is for tablets that have survived with their particular envelopes \u2013 in both extant and fragmented states \u2013 from antiquity. \u2018Tablet\u2019 is also distinct from the \u2018Tag\u2019 category as, although the objects can near identical lenticular inscribed clay objects, tags represent a specific administrative function and evolutionary point in the development of writing. "},"period":{"id":15,"sequence":16,"period":"Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)","name":"Ur III","time_range":"ca. 2100-2000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":21,"provenience":"Ur (mod. Tell Muqayyar)","location_id":568,"place_id":143,"region_id":8,"description":null},"entities_publication":{"id":276474118,"entity_id":105241,"publication_id":1645489,"exact_reference":"p. 410","publication_type":"collation","publication_comments":"","table_name":"artifacts"}}]}]