Edinburgh 59 (P453224)

Legal tablet excavated in Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir), dated to the Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC) period and now kept in National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Cite

Photo

Lineart

Museum Collection(s)

National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Number

NMS A.1911.203.31

Period

Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Provenience

Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal

Language(s)

Measurements

65.0 mm × 42.0 mm × 17.0 mm

Text

tablet
obverse
1. _1(iku) GAN2 a-sza3_ i#-na# [ha-an-ta-a]
2. _da a-sza3_ sza-ZI-[...]
3. _sag-bi e_ ZA-ar#-[...]
4. _sa10 til-la-ni-sze3_
5. _3(disz) 5/6(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar in!-[na-la2]_
6. _ki_ hal-ha-lum
7. _dumu_ szu-a-nu-um
8. {disz}s,i-su2-na-aw-ra-at
9. _in-szi-sa10_
10. _gesz-gan-na ib2-ta-bala_
11. _u4# kur2# lu2 lu2-u3#_
12. _[nu-mu]-un#-gi4#-[gi4-dam]_
13. _[mu_ {d}za-ba4]-ba4 u3 ia#-[wi-um]
14. _in-pa3#-[de3-esz]_
reverse
1. _igi_ su2-sa3-lum _dumu_ ik#-[ka-rum]
2. _igi_ ma-ar-si2-la#-[ku?]
3. _igi_ ba-bu-um
4. _dumu-mesz_ u2-na-nu-um#
5. [_igi_] bu-ur2-ga-nu-[um]
6. [_dumu_ ia]-ku#-ub-el3#
7. [_igi_] mu#-ha-du-um
8. _dumu_ sa-ga-ru-um#
9. _iti kin-{d}inanna_
10. _mu {kusz}a2-la2 x# [(...)]_

Consult previous versions and their differences
Consult sign list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Consult word list of Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)

Text content

Genre(s)	Legal
Language(s)

Chronology

Period	Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)
Dates Referenced	(Manana dynasty)
Accounting Period

Record

CDLI number	P453224
Permalink	https://cdli.network/entity/P453224

Physical information

Artifact type	Tablet
Dimensions	65.0 mm × 42.0 mm × 17.0 mm
Weight
Material(s)	Clay
Preservation	complete (Surface: Poor)

Provenance

Provenience	Kish (mod. Tell Uhaimir)
Written In
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s)	National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Museum Number	NMS A.1911.203.31
Accession Number

References

primary: Edinburgh, 59

[Dalley1979Edinburgh] Dalley, Stephanie. 1979. A Catalogue of the Akkadian Cuneiform Tablets in the Collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, with Copies of the Texts. Art & Archaeology 2. Edinburgh: The Royal Scottish Museum.
history: Hammurabi's Gesetz 6, no. 1583

[Koschaker1923HG6] Koschaker, Paul, and Arthur Ungnad. 1923. Hammurabi’s Gesetz. Band VI: Übersetzte Urkunden Mit Rechtserläuterungen. Leipzig: Eduard Pfeiffer.
history: PSBA 33, 234 no. 17

[Langdon1911PSBA33] Langdon, Stephen H. 1911. Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology 33.

Revisions and credits

Created	Creator	Type	Authors	Reviewer	Status
2024-06-01 at 19:04:15	Firth, Richard	Artifact metadata, Other metadata	Firth, Richard	Firth, Richard	Approved
2022-08-15 at 10:23:20	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2022-08-15 at 10:19:10	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2022-08-15 at 10:17:18	Jagersma, Bram	Transliteration	Jagersma, Bram	CDLI	Approved
2013-06-27 at 00:00:00	CDLI	Artifact metadata	Reid, Nicholas; Wagensonner, Klaus	CDLI	Approved

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 59 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453224.

Edinburgh 59 artifact entry (No. P453224). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453224 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 59 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453224 (Accessed: April 13, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-13]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 59 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453224},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453224},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453224
LB  - CDLI:P453224
M1  - 2026/4/13/
TI  - Edinburgh 59 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453224
ER  -

Cite this Artifacts

“Edinburgh 59 Artifact Entry.” (2013) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). June 1, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P453224.

Edinburgh 59 artifact entry (No. P453224). (2024, June 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P453224 (Original work published 2013)

Edinburgh 59 artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P453224 (Accessed: April 13, 2026).

@misc{2024Edinburgh,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-04-13]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {jun 1},
	title = {Edinburgh 59 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P453224},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P453224},
}

TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/6/1/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P453224
LB  - CDLI:P453224
M1  - 2026/4/13/
TI  - Edinburgh 59 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P453224
ER  -