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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESources\u003C\/strong\u003E:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGhaidan, Usam, and Anna Paolini. \u0026quot;A Short History of the Iraq National Museum.\u0026quot; In\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EThe Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Mesopotamia\u003C\/em\u003E. Edited by Milbry Polk and Angela Schuster. 20-25. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGoodman, Susan.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EGertrude Bell.\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026nbsp;Oxford: Berg, 1992.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nRussell, John Malcolm. \u0026quot;Robbing the Archaeological Cradle\u0026quot;.\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003ENatural History Magazine\u003C\/em\u003E, February 2001.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nWerr, Lamia Al-Gailani. \u0026quot;A Museum is Born.\u0026quot; In\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EThe Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Mesopotamia\u003C\/em\u003E. Edited by Milbry Polk and Angela Schuster. 27-33. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022english\u0022 name=\u0022english\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003EA Short History of the Iraq Museum\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nIn the 19th century, the expeditions of Rich, Rawlinson, Layard, Botta, Loftus, Smith and others first exposed the western world to the richness of ancient Mesopotamian material culture. The Ottoman policy concerning the treatment of antiquities allowed foreign excavators to remove all finds to their own countries. In 1881, Osman Hamdi Bey, the first director of the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul, required that all excavated finds be divided between Istanbul and the foreign countries sponsoring excavations.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAt the start of WWI, excavation in Iraq came to a halt. On October 30, 1918, the Armistice of Mudros brought an end to the war in the Middle East, and Britain was left in control of all of modern-day Iraq. The first king of Iraq, Faisal I, was to prove an important supporter of the idea of the Iraq Museum. His advisor and confidant, Gertrude Bell was instrumental in installing him as the ruler of Iraq. In 1923, Bell, the Oxford educated British Intelligence agent, Arabist, and archaeologist was appointed Director of Antiquities in Iraq. As such, she fought to keep Iraqi antiquities in Iraq. Under her direction, one room in Iraq\u0026#39;s government building in Baghdad was dedicated to housing Iraqi antiquities. In 1926, a new building was founded on the east side of the Tigris to house artifacts. This building was named the Iraq Museum, and Bell became its director until her death later that year. She was followed in this position by R.S. Cooke (1926-1929), Sidney Smith (1929-1931), Julius Jordan (1931-1934), and Sati al-Husri (1934-1941), who encouraged the excavation of Arab Islamic sites like Kufa, Basra, and Wasit. Jordan (1934-1939) and Seton Lloyd (1939-1941) each served as advisors to Sati al-Husri.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Iraq Museum was born during a period of feverish excavation in Iraq. The seminal excavations by a joint American and British team at the Royal Cemetery at Ur, the French at Telloh and Kish, and the Germans at Warka all provided the nascent Iraq Museum with some of the most stunning and culturally significant pieces in the collection.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe end of British Mandate in 1932 brought an independent Iraq into the League of Nations. In 1936, during the reign of King Ghazi, Faisal I\u0026#39;s son, a new antiquities law was enacted. All artifacts over 200 years old were now officially the property of the state and could not be removed without the permission of the government. In the years after the implementation of the Antiquities Law, some of the most important excavations in Iraq were carried out at sites such as Khafaje, Tell Asmar, Hassuna, Eridu, Shanidar cave, and Jarmo, along with new projects at Numrud and Nippur.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1966, the museum moved to a new two-story building organized around a single courtyard on the west side of the Tigris. The museum was renamed the Iraq National Museum, and in 1986 a second courtyard building was added to the museum.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBetween 1980 and 1988, during the war between Iraq and Iran, the pace of archaeology in Iraq slowed considerably. After 1988, excavations continued at sites like Nimrud, Nineveh, Jemdet Nasr, Hatra, Sippar, and Nemrik.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EBy the time of the first Gulf War, when foreign archeology in Iraq once again ground to a halt, the items on display in the Iraq Museum represented fewer than 3% of the museum\u0026#39;s holdings. During the first Gulf War, the building across the street from the Iraq Museum was bombed and several display cases in the museum were shattered. The most important objects were moved to the basement of the museum\u0026rsquo;s old storage building. Hundreds of these objects were damaged when the basement was flooded.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn February 2003, the museum officially closed and on April 10, 2003, the looting of the Iraq Museum focused the world\u0026#39;s attention on the cultural heritage of Iraq and sparked a multinational effort to catalogue and retrieve the thousands of missing artifacts.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESources:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGhaidan, Usam, and Anna Paolini. \u0026ldquo;A Short History of the Iraq National Museum.\u0026rdquo; In The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Mesopotamia. Edited by Milbry Polk and Angela Schuster. 20-25. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nGoodman, Susan. Gertrude Bell. Oxford: Berg, 1992.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nRussell, John Malcolm. \u0026ldquo;Robbing the Archaeological Cradle.\u0026rdquo; Natural History Magazine, February 2001.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\r\nWerr, Lamia Al-Gailani. \u0026ldquo;A Museum is Born.\u0026rdquo; In The Looting of the Iraq Museum, Baghdad: The Lost Legacy of Mesopotamia. Edited by Milbry Polk and Angela Schuster. 27-33. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E- Robert K. Englund\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","collection_actor":"Agency","collection_holding":"Museum","collection_actor_status":"Public","collection_holding_status":"Extant","country_iso":"IRQ","region_gadm":"IRQ.10_1","district_gadm":"IRQ.10.1_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":44.3852,"location_latitude_wgs1984":33.3283,"location_accuracy":50,"glow_id":42}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27},"period":{"id":18,"sequence":19,"period":"Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)","name":"Old Babylonian","time_range":"ca. 1900-1600 BC"},"provenience":{"id":22,"provenience":"Nippur (mod. Nuffar)","location_id":369,"place_id":102,"region_id":8},"witnesses":[],"impressions":[],"composites":[{"id":387383,"composite_no":"Q000368","artifact_id":356802,"composite":{"id":469673,"composite_no":"Q000368","designation":"CDLI Literary 000368 (Lugalbanda and Anzu) composite","provenience_comments":"Mesopotamia","artifact_comments":"composite text","created_by":820,"artifact_type_comments":"composite text"}}],"seals":[],"retired_artifacts":[],"inscription":{"id":2169231,"artifact_id":356802,"atf":"\u0026P356802 = 3N-T677\n#atf: lang sux\n#link: def A = Q000368 = Lugalbanda and the Anzud bird\n@tablet\n@obverse\n$ n lines broken\n1\u0027. x x x\n\u003E\u003EA 38\n2\u0027. gud3# im-ma#-ni#-[...]\n\u003E\u003EA 39\n3\u0027. [...]-ba muszen anzu#-[x x]\n\u003E\u003EA 40\n4\u0027. gud3# im-ma-ni-ib-gar [...]\n\u003E\u003EA 41\n5\u0027. [x x] {gesz}li gesz {gesz}taszkarin-na-[x]\n\u003E\u003EA 42\n6\u0027. [x x] pa# mul-la-ba an-dul3-sze3 ba-ab#-ak\n\u003E\u003EA 43\n7\u0027. [...] zal-e-da-ka ni2 un-gid2\n\u003E\u003EA 44\n8\u0027. [x]{muszen}-de3 {d}utu e3-a-ra x un-gi4\n\u003E\u003EA 45\n9\u0027. [x x]-bi-sze3 kur lu5-lu5-bi-sze3 kur-kur mu-un-ra-ra-ra\n\u003E\u003EA 46\n10\u0027. [...]-e hu-ri2-in{muszen}-na-kam#\n\u003E\u003EA 47\n11\u0027. [...] am-e kur-ur2-sze3 ni2-bi im-sar-e#\n\u003E\u003EA 48\n12\u0027. [x x] kur-bi-sze3 zi-bi im-sar-e#\n\u003E\u003EA 49\n13\u0027. [...]{da} gal in-zu gal in-ga-an-tum2-mu\n\u003E\u003EA 50\n14\u0027. [...]-gi dingir-re-e-ne-ke4\n\u003E\u003EA 51\n15\u0027. [x x]-ga-ba sag se3 ba-an-tah\n\u003E\u003EA 52\n16\u0027. [...]-esz#-ta-ba lal3 ba-an-du8-du8 lal3 ba-an-tah-tah\n\u003E\u003EA 53\n17\u0027. amar#-gud3 amar anzu{muszen}-da-ke4 igi-bi-sze3 mu-un-gar\n\u003E\u003EA 54\n18\u0027. [x x] {uzu#}i3 bi2-in-gu7 {uzu}i3-udu bi2-[x x]\n\u003E\u003EA 55\n@reverse\n1. [...] x# x# [...]\n\u003E\u003EA 57\n2. [...]-zi#-da mi-ni-gun3\n\u003E\u003EA 58\n3. [...] babbar2 bi2-in-du3-du3\n\u003E\u003EA 59\n4. [...] x# gur-gur-ra bi\n\u003E\u003EA nn\n5. [...]-bi-sze3 mu-un#-gar\n\u003E\u003EA 60\n6. [x] anzu#{muszen#}-da-ta ba-ra#-zi#\n\u003E\u003EA 61\n7. [...]-zu# kur-ra-ke4 ki#-gub# mu#-un-na-ak-e\n\u003E\u003EA 62\n8. [...] kur-ra-ka gu3 [x x]-ib-gur-gur\n\u003E\u003EA 63\n9. [x x]-de3# am kur-ra-ka gu3 mi-ni-ib-gur-gur\n\u003E\u003EA 64\n10. [...] szu#-bi-sze3 i-im-la2\n\u003E\u003EA 65\n11. [...] gu2-ba i-im-la2\n\u003E\u003EA 66\n12. [...]-de2\n\u003E\u003EA 67\n","transliteration":" x x x \n gud3# im-ma#-ni#-[...] \n [...]-ba muszen anzu#-[x x] \n gud3# im-ma-ni-ib-gar [...] \n [x x] {gesz}li gesz {gesz}taszkarin-na-[x] \n [x x] pa# mul-la-ba an-dul3-sze3 ba-ab#-ak \n [...] zal-e-da-ka ni2 un-gid2 \n [x]{muszen}-de3 {d}utu e3-a-ra x un-gi4 \n [x x]-bi-sze3 kur lu5-lu5-bi-sze3 kur-kur mu-un-ra-ra-ra \n [...]-e hu-ri2-in{muszen}-na-kam# \n [...] am-e kur-ur2-sze3 ni2-bi im-sar-e# \n [x x] kur-bi-sze3 zi-bi im-sar-e# \n [...]{da} gal in-zu gal in-ga-an-tum2-mu \n [...]-gi dingir-re-e-ne-ke4 \n [x x]-ga-ba sag se3 ba-an-tah \n [...]-esz#-ta-ba lal3 ba-an-du8-du8 lal3 ba-an-tah-tah \n amar#-gud3 amar anzu{muszen}-da-ke4 igi-bi-sze3 mu-un-gar \n [x x] {uzu#}i3 bi2-in-gu7 {uzu}i3-udu bi2-[x x] \n [...] x# x# [...] \n [...]-zi#-da mi-ni-gun3 \n [...] babbar2 bi2-in-du3-du3 \n [...] x# gur-gur-ra bi \n [...]-bi-sze3 mu-un#-gar \n [x] anzu#{muszen#}-da-ta ba-ra#-zi# \n [...]-zu# kur-ra-ke4 ki#-gub# mu#-un-na-ak-e \n [...] kur-ra-ka gu3 [x x]-ib-gur-gur \n [x x]-de3# am kur-ra-ka gu3 mi-ni-ib-gur-gur \n [...] szu#-bi-sze3 i-im-la2 \n [...] gu2-ba i-im-la2 \n [...]-de2 ","transliteration_clean":" x x x \n gud3 im-ma-ni-... \n ...-ba muszen anzu-x x \n gud3 im-ma-ni-ib-gar ... \n x x {gesz}li gesz {gesz}taszkarin-na-x \n x x pa mul-la-ba an-dul3-sze3 ba-ab-ak \n ... zal-e-da-ka ni2 un-gid2 \n x{muszen}-de3 {d}utu e3-a-ra x un-gi4 \n x x-bi-sze3 kur lu5-lu5-bi-sze3 kur-kur mu-un-ra-ra-ra \n ...-e hu-ri2-in{muszen}-na-kam \n ... am-e kur-ur2-sze3 ni2-bi im-sar-e \n x x kur-bi-sze3 zi-bi im-sar-e \n ...{da} gal in-zu gal in-ga-an-tum2-mu \n ...-gi dingir-re-e-ne-ke4 \n x x-ga-ba sag se3 ba-an-tah \n ...-esz-ta-ba lal3 ba-an-du8-du8 lal3 ba-an-tah-tah \n amar-gud3 amar anzu{muszen}-da-ke4 igi-bi-sze3 mu-un-gar \n x x {uzu}i3 bi2-in-gu7 {uzu}i3-udu bi2-x x \n ... x x ... \n ...-zi-da mi-ni-gun3 \n ... babbar2 bi2-in-du3-du3 \n ... x gur-gur-ra bi \n ...-bi-sze3 mu-un-gar \n x anzu{muszen}-da-ta ba-ra-zi \n ...-zu kur-ra-ke4 ki-gub mu-un-na-ak-e \n ... kur-ra-ka gu3 x x-ib-gur-gur \n x x-de3 am kur-ra-ka gu3 mi-ni-ib-gur-gur \n ... szu-bi-sze3 i-im-la2 \n ... gu2-ba i-im-la2 \n ...-de2 ","transliteration_for_search":"  x x x  \n  gud3 im ma ni  \n  ba muszen anzu x x  \n  gud3 im ma ni ib gar  \n  x x gesz li gesz gesz taszkarin na x  \n  x x pa mul la ba an dul3 sze3 ba ab ak  \n  zal e da ka ni2 un gid2  \n  x muszen de3 d utu e3 a ra x un gi4  \n  x x bi sze3 kur lu5 lu5 bi sze3 kur kur mu un ra ra ra  \n  e hu ri2 in muszen na kam  \n  am e kur ur2 sze3 ni2 bi im sar e  \n  x x kur bi sze3 zi bi im sar e  \n  da gal in zu gal in ga an tum2 mu  \n  gi dingir re e ne ke4  \n  x x ga ba sag se3 ba an tah  \n  esz ta ba lal3 ba an du8 du8 lal3 ba an tah tah  \n  amar gud3 amar anzu muszen da ke4 igi bi sze3 mu un gar  \n  x x uzu i3 bi2 in gu7 uzu i3 udu bi2 x x  \n  x x  \n  zi da mi ni gun3  \n  babbar2 bi2 in du3 du3  \n  x gur gur ra bi  \n  bi sze3 mu un gar  \n  x anzu muszen da ta ba ra zi  \n  zu kur ra ke4 ki gub mu un na ak e  \n  kur ra ka gu3 x x ib gur gur  \n  x x de3 am kur ra ka gu3 mi ni ib gur gur  \n  szu bi sze3 i im la2  \n  gu2 ba i im la2  \n  de2  ","is_atf2conll_diff_resolved":true,"is_latest":true}}]