[{"id":286562,"designation":"Assur 3\/2, 08-10, pl. 2, 4 YBC 12862","museum_no":"YBC 12862","thickness":"22.0","height":"60.0","width":"45.0","is_provenience_uncertain":true,"provenience_comments":"Purchased in 1957 by Yale Babylonian Collection \u0027from Mr. Fahmi Ilias Hashish of Amuda, Syria\u0027 (see Assur 3\/2, p. 2)","created_by":820,"publications":[{"id":277015179,"entity_id":286562,"publication_id":1776156,"exact_reference":"08-10, pl. 2, 4","publication_type":"primary","publication_comments":"(P, C, T, Tr)","table_name":"artifacts","publication":{"id":1776156,"designation":"Assur 3\/2","bibtexkey":"Machinist1982","year":"1982","entry_type_id":2,"book_title":"Provincial Governance in Middle Assyria and Some New Texts From Yale","number":"3\/2","publisher":"Undena Publications","series":"Assur","entry_type":{"id":2,"label":"book"},"editors":[],"authors":[{"id":1233317,"publication_id":1776156,"author_id":1030,"author":{"id":1030,"author":"Machinist, Peter","last":"Machinist","first":" Peter"}}]}},{"id":277015180,"entity_id":286562,"publication_id":1787621,"exact_reference":"no. 08","publication_type":"primary","table_name":"artifacts","publication":{"id":1787621,"designation":"YOS 23","bibtexkey":"Ridder2025YOS23","year":"2025","entry_type_id":2,"publisher":"Yale University Press","title":"Middle Assyrian Texts, Seals, and Seal Impressions","volume":"23","series":"Yale Oriental Series","entry_type":{"id":2,"label":"book"},"editors":[],"authors":[{"id":1256337,"publication_id":1787621,"author_id":1256,"author":{"id":1256,"author":"de Ridder, Jacob Jan","last":"de Ridder","first":" Jacob Jan","orcid_id":"0000-0003-2151-6682"}},{"id":1256338,"publication_id":1787621,"author_id":1204,"sequence":1,"author":{"id":1204,"author":"Lassen, Agnete","last":"Lassen","first":"Agnete","orcid_id":"0000-0001-8295-813X"}}]}}],"material_colors":[],"material_aspects":[],"materials":[{"id":523126,"artifact_id":286562,"material_id":1,"material":{"id":1,"material":"clay"}}],"languages":[{"id":104034,"artifact_id":286562,"language_id":20,"language":{"id":20,"sequence":5,"language":"Akkadian","inline_code":"akk"}}],"genres":[{"id":125602,"artifact_id":286562,"genre_id":1,"comments":" ","genre":{"id":1,"genre":"Administrative"}}],"external_resources":[{"id":896700,"artifact_id":286562,"external_resource_id":4,"external_resource_key":"BC-026397","external_resource":{"id":4,"external_resource":"Yale Babylonian Collection","base_url":"https:\/\/collections.peabody.yale.edu\/search\/Record\/YPM-","project_url":"https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu\/","abbrev":"YBC"}},{"id":896701,"artifact_id":286562,"external_resource_id":254,"external_resource_key":"YBC.12862","external_resource":{"id":254,"external_resource":"Electronic Babylonian Library","base_url":"https:\/\/www.ebl.lmu.de\/fragmentarium\/","project_url":"https:\/\/www.ebl.lmu.de\/","abbrev":"eBL"}},{"id":896702,"artifact_id":286562,"external_resource_id":239,"external_resource_key":"P286562","external_resource":{"id":239,"external_resource":"Text Corpus of Middle Assyrian","base_url":"http:\/\/oracc.museum.upenn.edu\/tcma\/","project_url":"http:\/\/oracc.museum.upenn.edu\/tcma\/","abbrev":"TCMA"}}],"dates":[],"collections":[{"id":156667,"artifact_id":286562,"collection_id":6,"collection":{"id":6,"collection":"Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA","collection_url":"https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu","description":"\u003Cp\u003EFounded in 1911, the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EYale Babylonian\u0026nbsp;Collection\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;is a center of teaching and research. Located on the third floor of the Sterling Memorial Library, the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;houses over 45,000 artifacts. While the bulk of the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;is comprised of inscribed artifacts such as cuneiform tablets, it also houses many other artifacts from the ancient Near East, most notably cylinder and stamp seals, but also clay figurines, stone sculpture, and so forth.\u0026nbsp;It is one of the largest\u0026nbsp;collections\u0026nbsp;of seals and textual material from ancient Mesopotamia in North America and ranks among the leading\u0026nbsp;collections\u0026nbsp;in the world.\u0026nbsp;A complete reference library, a seminar room, and work space for visiting scholars invites researchers worldwide to conduct their research on primary materials.\u0026nbsp;The\u0026nbsp;Collection\u0026nbsp;aims to preserve, publish, and make available for everyone the artifacts it houses. In 2017 the Yale Babylonian\u0026nbsp;Collection\u0026nbsp;became formally affiliated with the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/peabody.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EYale Peabody Museum of Natural History\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp; This affiliation has opened up improved avenues for public exhibitions, as well as easy online dissemination of\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough generous support from the Council of Library and Information Resources (CLIR) and the National Endowment of the Humanities, two major digitization efforts are currently under way: By 2022 the entire\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;of cuneiform artifacts will be digitized using high-resolution HDR photography. Approximately 25 % will also be captured employing a Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) camera dome, which was built by the Electronics and Computer Science Department at\u0026nbsp;the University of Southampton. The second tier of the digitization project focuses on the cylinder and stamp seals. The cylinder seals are captured using a Betterlight system and Oxford\u0026rsquo;s SIANE seal imaging kit.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOur current catalogue lists\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022\/search\/?collection=Yale\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E34,754\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;items, a number that certainly will increase over time as new items previously uncatalogued will be added. Starting in 2022,\u0026nbsp;textual sources will be transliterated and translated in a major effort to make the\u0026nbsp;collection\u0026nbsp;even more accessible for researchers worldwide. Apart from the CDLI, all images are available on the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/collections.peabody.yale.edu\/search\/Search\/Advanced?collection=Anthropology\u0026amp;searchText2=BC\u0026amp;searchField2=CatalogNumber\u0026amp;matchTerms=AND\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum\u0026rsquo;s search portal\u003C\/a\u003E. Smaller sub-corpora will be shared with further online projects.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFind out more:\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/babylonian-collection.yale.edu\/beginnings\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EHistory of the\u0026nbsp;Collection\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/peabody.yale.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum of Natural History\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/collections.peabody.yale.edu\/search\/Search\/Advanced?collection=Anthropology\u0026amp;searchText2=BC\u0026amp;searchField2=CatalogNumber\u0026amp;matchTerms=AND\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EPeabody Museum Search Portal\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","is_pinned":true,"collection_actor":"Educational institution","collection_holding":"Collection","collection_actor_status":"Group","collection_holding_status":"Extant","country_iso":"USA","region_gadm":"USA.7_1","district_gadm":"USA.7.5_1","location_longitude_wgs1984":-72.9281,"location_latitude_wgs1984":41.3112,"glow_id":54}}],"artifact_type":{"id":4,"artifact_type":"tablet","parent_id":27},"period":{"id":21,"sequence":22,"period":"Middle Assyrian (ca. 1400-1000 BC)","name":"Middle Assyrian","time_range":"ca. 1400-1000 BC"},"provenience":{"id":179,"provenience":"Kuli\u0161hina\u0161 (mod. Amuda)","location_id":19,"place_id":150,"region_id":5,"description":"\u003Ch3\u003EArchaeological location\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EMound within the modern city of Amuda in northeastern Syria, referred to as Tall \u0026lsquo;\u0100m\u016bd\u0101 or Tall \u0026Scaron;\u012brm\u016bl\u0101 (Shermola) (Anastasio et al. 2004, no. 260).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003EHistorical place\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe mound has been tentatively Identified as\u0026nbsp;Middle Assyrian Kuli\u0026scaron;ina\u0026scaron; (\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1742358\u0022\u003EAynard and Durand 1980\u003C\/a\u003E, 1; \u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1776156\u0022\u003EMachinist 1982\u003C\/a\u003E, 2). Dissenting\u0026nbsp;views, based on disagreement with historical topography in the region, has been voiced by\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1776152\u0022\u003EShibata 2017\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch3\u003ECuneiform finds\u003C\/h3\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral lots of cuneiform tablets acquired on the antiquities market have been reported found\u0026nbsp;at Tall \u0026lsquo;\u0100m\u016bd\u0101 by multiple informants.\u0026nbsp;Aynard and Durand (\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1742358\u0022\u003E1980\u003C\/a\u003E) included three artefacts (no. 9-11) said by the Lebanese dealer to have come from the site.\u0026nbsp;The catalogue of the Louvre states that all three (\u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493683\u0022\u003EAO 21380\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493684\u0022\u003EAO 21381\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493685\u0022\u003EAO 21382\u003C\/a\u003E) were acquired by the museum in 1963. A further three tablets included in the same study (no. 6-8)\u0026nbsp;were also suspected by the authors to have been found at\u0026nbsp;Tall \u0026lsquo;\u0100m\u016bd\u0101, but have different provenance histories;\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493618\u0022\u003EAO 20154\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493619\u0022\u003EAO 20155\u003C\/a\u003E, and \u003Ca href=\u0022artifacts\/493620\u0022\u003EAO 20156\u003C\/a\u003E were acquired by the Louvre in 1951 from renowned French archaeologist Claude Schaeffer.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIn his publication of five Middle Assyrian tablets from the Yale Babylonian Collection, Machinist (\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1776156\u0022\u003E1982\u003C\/a\u003E) relates that this group was purchased from a named individual of Amuda in 1957, who stated that they had been discovered locally, and evidently, so the author seems to conclude \u0026lsquo;at the ancient tell of Amuda\u0026rsquo; (\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1776156\u0022\u003E1982\u003C\/a\u003E, 2).\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EFinally, the study of the above lots by Maul (\u003Ca href=\u0022publications\/1776157\u0022\u003E2004\u003C\/a\u003E) adds a further three records from a private collection, quoting an accompanying note from the previous owner stating that \u0026ldquo;ces tablettes viennent de Amouda, dans le Djezireh, pr\u0026egrave;s de la fronti\u0026egrave;re turque\u0026rdquo;.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n"},"witnesses":[],"impressions":[],"composites":[],"seals":[{"id":263357,"seal_no":"S999999","artifact_id":286562,"seal":{"id":533185,"designation":"dummy composite seal for unidentified seals","seal_no":"S999999"}}],"retired_artifacts":[]}]