OIP 011, 015 (P227657)

Lexical prism excavated in Nippur (mod. Nuffar), dated to the Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC) period and now kept in Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Museum Collection(s)

Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

Museum Number

CBS 11082 + N 7737

Period

Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)

Provenience

Nippur (mod. Nuffar)

Artifact Type

Prism

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Lexical (Obv: OB Hh6 (foodstuffs: Hh XXIII-XXIV); Rev: OB Hh6 (foodstuffs: Hh XXIII-XXI)

Language(s)

Sumerian

Measurements

-

Has fragments Witness

Text

object prism
surface a1
column 1
1. a
 en: water
  line now broken away
2. ninda
 en: bread
3. kasz
 en: beer
4. tu7
 en: soup
5. [tu7] saga
 en: good quality soup
6. tu7# gu2# gal
 en: soup made with broad beans
7. tu7 gu2 tur
 en: lentil soup
8. tu7 gu2 nig2-ar3-ra
 en: soup made with vetch
9. tu7 SI#!? gu2 ASZ
 en: soup made with the flour of the ... pulse
  sic
10. tu7 ar-za-na
 en: soup made with barley groats
11. tu7 ar-za-na saga
 en: soup made with good quality barley groats
12. tu7 lu:ub3{sar}
 en: soup made with turnips
13. tu7 du5-la2{sar}
 en: soup made with the dunla plant
14. tu7 GAN2-sze{sar}
 en: soup made with the gansze plant
15. tu7 {gesz}masz{sar#}
 en: soup made with masz plant
16. tu7 {gesz}masz-gurum{sar}
 en: soup made with the maszgurum plant
17. tu7 a-dar-ra{sar}
 en: soup made with the adara plant
18. tu7 |SU.SU.LU.LU.SZE3.SZE3|#{sar}
 en: soup made with the lubszir plant
19. tu7 ba#-ba#-da
 en: porridge
20. tu7 ba-ba-da saga
 en: good quality porridge
21. tu7 ziz2 A
 en: soup made with soaked/ripe emmer?
22. tu7 ziz2 KA-KAK#-A#
 en: soup made with ... emmer
23. tu7 UD szen#-[na]
 en: ... soup of the cauldron?
24. tu7 uzu#-[bala]
 en: meat broth
25. tu7# [...]
 en: ... soup
column 2
1. [...]
 en: ...
2. [...]
 en: ...
3. tu7 a-ba silim#-[ma]
 en: soup whose water is in good condition?
  line now largely broken
4. tu7 lu-lu-bu#-[um]
 en: Lullubean soup
5. tu7 a ur4-[a]
 en: watered down soup?
6. tu7 a KU?-[...]
 en: ... soup
7. tu7 ku-usz
 en: soup made with malt-flour
8. tu7 lal3
 en: soup made with honey/syrup
9. {kasz}dida
 en: sweetened beer
10. {kasz}[dida] saga#
 en: good quality sweetened beer
11. {kasz}dida# gen
 en: ordinary quality sweetened beer
12. {kasz}dida imgaga3
 en: sweetened beer made with imgaga emmer?
13. {kasz}dida imgaga3
 en: sweetened beer made with imgaga emmer?
14. {kasz}dida imgaga3 mah#
 en: premium sweetened beer made with imgaga emmer?
15. {kasz}dida KA#-ge-kam#
 en: ... sweetened beer
16. {kasz}dida KA#-KAK-A
 en: ... sweetened beer
17. {kasz}dida hab2-ba
 en: stinking sweetened beer?
18. {kasz}dida u4 tab-ba
 en: sweetened beer exposed to a lot of sunlight?
19. {kasz}dida u4 sal-la#
 en: sweetened beer exposed to a little sunlight?
20. {kasz}dida sza3#
 en: ... sweetened beer
  sza3 now entirely broken
21. {kasz}[...]
 en: ...
column 3
  beginning broken
1'. sa#-[hi-in]
 en: yeast
2'. agarin4#
 en: beer mash/dough
3'. [szim]
 en: aromatic
4'. szim-[...]
 en: ... aromatic
5'. szim-[...]
 en: ... aromatic
6'. szim-[...]
 en: ... aromatic
7'. szim#-[...]
 en: ... aromatic
surface a2
column 1
  beginning broken
1'. duh#
 en: bran
2'. [duh] saga
 en: good quality bran
3'. [duh] gen
 en: ordinary quality bran
4'. [duh] duru5
 en: soaked/ripe bran
5'. [duh] ah3
 en: dried bran
6'. [duh ha-ha]-la#
 en: filtered bran?
  Akkadian szahalli
7'. [duh ha]-ha#-la# DU
 en: ... filtered bran?
8'. [duh] kurun5
 en: bran used for making choice liquor?
  or read kasz kukku5?
9'. esza
 en: esza flour
10'. [esza] saga
 en: good quality esza flour
11'. [esza] gen
 en: ordinary quality esza flour
12'. [esza] ga#
 en: esza flour mixed with milk?
13'. [esza DI]-a#
 en: ... esza flour
column 2
  beginning broken
1'. [ninda zi] esz5-kam-ma us2#-sa
 en: bread made with third quality flour
2'. ninda dabin
 en: bread made with barley flour
3'. ninda zi x
 en: bread made with ... flour
  Sign looks like UGU#: error for gu?
4'. ninda zi sze sa#!?-a#!?
 en: bread with flour from roasted barley
  Reading uncertain: final sign appears to be ME
  now mostly broken
5'. ninda [zi]-dub-dub-bu
 en: bread made with ziddubdubu flour
6'. ninda zi e2#?-gal#?
 en: bread made with palace grade flour?
  Reading uncertain: final sign appears to be ME
7'. ninda zi e2#-da-di
 en: bread made of flour for an edadi offering
8'. ninda nig2-il2
 en: loaf used as a container (for soup, etc.)?
9'. ninda [...] tuku
 en: ... bread
10'. ninda# [...] x
 en: ... bread
11'. ninda# [...] x
 en: ... bread
12'. ninda# [...] x
 en: ... bread
13'. ninda# [...] x
 en: ... bread
14'. ninda-i3-de2#-[a] saga#
 en: good quality pastry
15'. ninda-i3-de2-[a gesz]-i3
 en: pastry made with oil
16'. ninda-i3-de2-[a] x
 en: ... pastry
17'. [ninda]-i3-de2#-[a] x
 en: ... pastry
18'. [ninda-i3]-de2#-[a i3] szah2
 en: pastry made with pig lard
19'. [...] x x
 en: ...
column 3
  beginning broken
1'. ninda gur4-ra [...]
 en: thick bread ...
2'. ninda gur4-ra zi [...]
 en: thick bread made with ... flour
3'. ninda gur4-ra [...]
 en: thick bread ...
4'. ninda gur4-ra lu2#
 en: thick bread for (one) person?
5'. ninda gur4-ra lu2
 en: thick bread for (one) person?
6'. ninda hi-ib-za#
 en: type of pastry
7'. ninda PI-an-du-nu#-[um]
 en: pandunum bread
8'. ninda pa-na-ni-[kum]
 en: pannigu bread
  Akkadian pannigu
9'. ninda gi-zi-[esz-ta]
 en: cake made with honey?
  Akkadian kamanum
10'. ninda dim3#-ma
 en: ... bread
11'. ninda szu x
 en: ... bread
12'. ninda sag-gar
 en: ... bread
13'. ninda ka-ta x
 en: ... bread
14'. ninda szu-kam-ma
 en: bread for (daily) need?
15'. ninda za3-ga
 en: pulverized bread?
16'. ninda za3-ga
 en: pulverized bread?
17'. ninda zig3-ga
 en: risen bread
18'. ninda [...] x x
 en: ... bread
19'. ninda x [...]
 en: ... bread
20'. ninda [...]
 en: ... bread
21'. [...] e2#-gal
 en: ... of the palace
22'. [...] x x
 en: ...
surface a3
column 1
1. [...]
 en: ...
2. [...]
 en: ...
3. [...]
 en: ...
4. [...]-ga#?
 en: ...
5. [i3] udu#
 en: sheep tallow
6. [i3] szah2#
 en: pig lard
7. [i3]-gesz
 en: oil
8. [i3] hab2
 en: stinking/rancid oil
9. [i3] KID
 en: ... oil
10. [i3] {gesz}eren
 en: cedar oil
11. i3 biz szim {gesz}eren
 en: oozing oil of cedar resin
12. i3 du10-ga
 en: good oil
13. i3 sag
 en: top quality oil
14. i3 sag du10-ga
 en: good top quality oil
15. i3 sag-bi gurud-da
 en: oil with its head fallen
16. i3-nun
 en: ghee
17. i3-nun du10
 en: good ghee
18. i3-nun ME
 en: washed butter?
19. i3 szi-ig-dum
 en: almond extract
20. i3 ligidbax(|AN.SAL.TUG2.IB|)
 en: juice of the spurge
21. ligidbax(|AN.SAL.TUG2.IB|)
 en: spurge
22. szim
 en: aromatic/aromatic substance
23. szim
 en: aromatic/aromatic substance
24. szim
 en: aromatic/aromatic substance
25. szim
 en: aromatic/aromatic substance
26. szim# GAM-GAM
 en: resin of the gurum tree
27. szim# GAM-GAM-ma#
 en: resin of the gurum tree
  line now almost entirely broken
column 2
1. ga
 en: milk
2. gara2
 en: cream
3. ga ud5 gi4
 en: ... goat milk
4. ga-szex(SIG7)-a
 en: yoghurt
5. ga KID?-a
 en: ... milk
6. ga tak4-a
 en: ... milk
  Akkadian hi...
7. ga kin gal2-la
 en: milk to be processed?
  Akkadian is,u
8. ga i-te-er-da
 en: butter?
9. ga nunuz-TE
 en: milk mixed with eggs?
10. ga u2
 en: milk from pastured animals?
11. ga-ar3
 en: cheese
12. ga-ar3 gal
 en: large cheese
13. ga-ar3 tur-tur
 en: small cheese
14. ga-ar3 gazi
 en: cheese flavored with mustard/dodder
15. gu2 gal
 en: broad beans
16. gu2 tur#
 en: lentils
17. gu2 nig2-ar3-[ra]
 en: vetch
18. gu2 gal [ansze]
 en: ... legumes
19. [ziz2]
 en: emmer
20. ziz2 [babbar]
 en: white emmer
21. ziz2 kukku5#
 en: black emmer
22. ziz2 gu2-nida
 en: gunida emmer
23. sze#
 en: barley
24. sze [esztub]
 en: spring barley
25. sze-musz5
 en: musz barley
26. [sze] gibil#
 en: ripe barley
27. [sze] sumun
 en: old barley
28. [sze] sag#
 en: top quality barley
column 3
1. sze us2#-[sa]
 en: treaded grain
2. sze nu-us2-sa#
 en: grain that is not treaded
3. sze ku5-da
 en: harvested barley
4. sze nu-ku5-da
 en: barley that is not harvested
5. [sze] nir-ra
 en: winnowed grain
6. sze# nir-ra
 en: grain that is not winnowed
7. sze x x x
 en: ... barley
8. sze in#-nu#-ha#
 en: innuha barley
9. henbur
 en: sprout
10. sze lillan
 en: barley beginning to head?
11. sze# nig2#-gal2-la
 en: barley that is a possession
12. [sze] nig2-ku5-da
 en: share of grain
13. an sze
 en: ear of barley
14. isin
 en: stalk
15. mug# sze
 en: barley afflicted by ergot
16. in-nu
 en: straw/chaff
17. in de5
 en: gathered straw/chaff
18. in de5-de5
 en: gathered straw/chaff
19. in bul
 en: straw/chaff that is blown away
20. in bul-bul
 en: straw/chaff that is blown away
21. haszhur
 en: apple
22. haszhur babbar
 en: white apple
23. haszhur kukku5
 en: black apple
24. haszhur su4-a
 en: red apple
25. haszhur sig7-sig7
 en: green apple
26. haszhur ba-za
 en: dwarf apple
27. haszhur ku7-ku7
 en: sweet apple
28. haszhur ar!(|IGI.ERIN2|)-ga#-nu-um#
 en: pinecone?
29. haszhur# ar!(|IGI.ERIN2|)-ma-nu
 en: apricot
  Akkadian armannu; equals {gesz}haszhur kur-ra
30. haszhur# dam-szi-lum
 en: apple of the damszilum plant
31. haszhur# kur-ra
 en: apple of the mountain, apricot
32. [haszhur] sze# esztub
 en: apple of spring barley?
surface a4
column 1
1. [...] RI-RI
 en: ...
2. nu-ur2-ma
 en: pomegranate
3. nu-ur2-ma saga
 en: good quality pomegranate
4. nu-ur2-ma babbar#
 en: white pomegranate
5. nu-ur2-ma kukku5
 en: black pomegranate
6. nu-ur2#-ma# su4
 en: red pomegranate
7. [nu]-ur2#-[ma] sig7#-sig7#
 en: green pomegranate
8. nu-ur2-ma x KAL#?
 en: ... pomegranate
9. nu-ur2-ma x-x-na
 en: ... pomegranate
10. nu-ur2-ma pu2 szu# su#-ub#-ba
 en: pomegranates with seeds plucked from their rinds?
  Reading is uncertain
11. gesztin
 en: grapes
12. gesztin-kir4
 en: hyena grape
13. gesztin-ka5-a
 en: fox grape
14. gesztin-gam-ma
 en: trunk of the grapevine
15. gesztin nim-ma
 en: fall grapes?
16. gesztin UD e3-a
 en: ... wine
17. gesztin sur-ra
 en: pressed wine
18. gesztin ku7!(USZ)-ku7!(USZ)
 en: sweet grapes
19. gesztin al-sze6#-ga2
 en: cooked grapes
20. ga-ra-an
 en: bunch of fruit
21. ga-ra-an haszhur#
 en: bunch of apples
22. ga-ra-an pesz3
 en: bunch of figs
23. ga-ra-an nu-ur2-ma
 en: bunch of pomegranates
24. ga-ra-an gesztin
 en: bunch of grapes
25. ga-ra-an szennur
 en: bunch of plums
26. szu-gur5
 en: basket or bunch of fruit
27. szu-gur5 haszhur#
 en: basket or bunch of apples
28. szu#-[gur5 ...]
 en: basket or bunch of ...
column 2
1. u4-hi-in x-x
 en: ... fresh dates
2. u4-hi-in ku7!(USZ)-ku7!(USZ)
 en: sweet fresh dates
3. u4-hi-in bar-UD
 en: ... fresh dates
4. u4-hi-in al-sze6-ga2
 en: cooked fresh dates
5. u4-hi-in u4-te-en du11-ga
 en: fresh dates ... in the evening
6. zu2-lum
 en: dates
7. zu2-lum saga
 en: good quality dates
8. zu2-lum gibil
 en: ripe dates
9. zu2-lum sumun
 en: old dates
10. zu2-lum babbar
 en: white dates
11. zu2-lum kukku5
 en: black dates
12. zu2-lum su4-a
 en: brown dates
13. zu2-lum sig7-sig7
 en: green dates
14. zu2-lum sze esztub
 en: dates mixed with spring barley?
15. zu2-lum sze-musz5
 en: dates mixed with musz barley?
16. zu2-lum dilmun-na
 en: Dilmun dates
17. zu2-lum ku7-ku7
 en: sweet dates
18. ukusz2
 en: cucumber
19. ukusz2 ti-il
 en: ... cucumber
20. ukusz2 li-li-gi4
 en: squirting cucumber?
21. ukusz2 ses
 en: bitter cucumber
22. ukusz2 du10-ga
 en: good cucumber
23. ukusz2 ku7!(USZ)-ku7!(USZ)
 en: sweet cucumber
24. ukusz2 ab-sin2-na
 en: cucumber of the furrow
25. ukusz2 al-sze6
 en: cooked cucumber
26. ukusz2 im-sag#-ga2
 en: tufted cucumber?
27. mun#
 en: salt
28. mun#-gazi#
 en: produce
  line now entirely lost
column 3
1. szeg12 naga#
 en: brick of potash
2. pa naga#
 en: stick of an alkaline plant
3. gazi
 en: mustard/dodder
4. sila3 gazi
 en: one sila of mustard/dodder
5. esir
 en: bitumen
  line now badly damaged
6. esir e3#-a
 en: asphalt
7. esir sur-ra#
 en: pressed bitumen
8. igi-esir
 en: type of bitumen
9. {d}nisaba za3-mi2
 en: Nisaba, praise!
surface b1
  blank space
surface b2
  blank space

Text content

Genre(s) Lexical (Obv: OB Hh6 (foodstuffs: Hh XXIII-XXIV); Rev: OB Hh6 (foodstuffs: Hh XXIII-XXI)
Language(s) Sumerian

Chronology

Period Old Babylonian (ca. 1900-1600 BC)
Accounting Period

Composites

This artifact is a witness to the following composite(s):

Composite Composite Number Score
CDLI Lexical 000043 (OB Nippur Ura 06) composite (P498273) Q000043 View the score

Record

Peterson email 18.11.2014Peterson email 18.11.2014

LOD URI https://cdli.network/entity/P227657

Physical information

Artifact type Prism
Dimensions
Weight
Material(s) Clay
Preservation Fragmented
Rectangular Prism

Provenance

Provenience Nippur (mod. Nuffar)
Written In
Archive
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s) Penn Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Museum Number CBS 11082 + N 7737
Accession Number

External resources

External Resource Identifiers
Penn Museum (Penn) 585420 + 585421
Electronic Babylonian Library (eBL) CBS.11082 + N.7737
Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats in Early Urban Societies of Syro-Mesopotamia (i3.MesopOil) 9572
Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts (DCCLT) P227657
Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities (ARMEP) P227657

References

Revisions and credits

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2025-03-07 at 09:42:23 Firth, Richard Artifact metadata Firth, Richard Firth, Richard Approved View
2025-03-06 at 17:43:41 Firth, Richard Artifact metadata Firth, Richard Firth, Richard Approved View
2023-06-14 at 12:21:25 Rattenborg, Rune Artifact metadata Rattenborg, Rune Geomapping Landscapes of Writing Rattenborg, Rune Approved View
2023-06-01 at 15:22:11 Rattenborg, Rune Artifact metadata Novotny, Jamie; Rattenborg, Rune Rattenborg, Rune Approved View
2023-03-09 at 12:32:19 Pagé-Perron, Émilie Artifact metadata Gacia, Veronika; Sallaberger, Walther Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats in Early Urban Societies of Syro-Mesopotamia Pagé-Perron, Émilie Approved View
2023-01-19 at 10:11:27 Pagé-Perron, Émilie Artifact metadata Földi, Zsombor J.; Jiménez, Enrique; Pagé-Perron, Émilie Electronic Babylonian Library Pagé-Perron, Émilie Approved View
2018-01-09 at 20:48:42 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration Englund, Robert K. CDLI Approved View
2013-07-22 at 12:40:11 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration Englund, Robert K. CDLI Approved View
2008-05-26 at 01:51:16 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration Englund, Robert K. CDLI Approved View
2003-09-11 at 00:00:00 CDLI Artifact metadata Veldhuis, Niek Digital Corpus of Cuneiform Lexical Texts CDLI Approved View

Cite this Artifact

“OIP 011, 015 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2025. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). March 7, 2025. https://cdli.earth/P227657.
OIP 011, 015 artifact entry (No. P227657). (2025, March 7). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P227657 (Original work published 2003)
OIP 011, 015 artifact entry (2025) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P227657 (Accessed: August 15, 2026).
@misc{2025OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-08-15]},
	year = {2025},
	month = {mar 7},
	title = {OIP 011, 015 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P227657},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P227657},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2025/3/7/
PY  - 2025
ID  - P227657
LB  - CDLI:P227657
M1  - 2026/8/15/
TI  - OIP 011, 015 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P227657
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“OIP 011, 015 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2025. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). March 7, 2025. https://cdli.earth/P227657.
OIP 011, 015 artifact entry (No. P227657). (2025, March 7). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P227657 (Original work published 2003)
OIP 011, 015 artifact entry (2025) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P227657 (Accessed: August 15, 2026).
@misc{2025OIP,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-08-15]},
	year = {2025},
	month = {mar 7},
	title = {OIP 011, 015 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P227657},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P227657},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2025/3/7/
PY  - 2025
ID  - P227657
LB  - CDLI:P227657
M1  - 2026/8/15/
TI  - OIP 011, 015 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P227657
ER  -
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