FAOS 15/2, 123 (P227558)

Administrative tablet dated to the ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC) period and now kept in J. Pierpont Morgan Library Collection, Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Museum Collection(s)

J. Pierpont Morgan Library Collection, Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Museum Number

MLC 02610

Period

ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)

Provenience

-

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Administrative

Language(s)

Sumerian

Measurements

194.0 mm × 188.0 mm

Text

tablet
obverse
column 1
1. [8(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)]
2. [sze-bi 2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) gur saggal]
3. [dingir-a-mu]
4. [8(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 1(barig@c)] 2(ban2@c)
5. [1(asz@c) du3-a-ku5] 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
6. [sze-bi 3(asz@c) e2]-ku4#
7. [7(asz@c)? igi-nu]-du8 [1(barig@c)] 2(ban2@c)
8. [1(asz@c) du3-a-ku5 1(barig@c)]
9. [sze-bi 2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) e-ta-e11]
10. [7(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)]
11. [1(asz@c) du3-a-ku5 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)]
12. [1(asz@c) du3-a-ku5 1(barig@c)]
13. [sze-bi 3(asz@c) la2 2(ban2@c) ur-ki]
14. [5(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)]
15. [1(asz@c) du3-a-ku5] 1(barig@c)#
16. [sze-bi 2(asz@c)] la2# 2(ban2@c) [en-kisal]-si
17. [igi-nu-du8] gesz-me
column 2
  beginning broken
1'. 2(asz@c) igi-nu-du8 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c)
2'. 1(asz@c) lu2 1(barig@c)
3'. sze#-bi 1(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) e-ta-e11
4'. igi#-[nu]-du8# gesz#-kin#-ti#-me
5'. 1(barig@c) {d}en#-lil2-bad3#
6'. 1(barig@c)# [{d}]nin#-gir2-su bad3#
7'. nita#-me
8'. 1(barig@c) nin-iri#-ni#-sze3#-nu-kar2-kar2
9'. 1(barig@c) geme2#-i7-edin-na
10'. 1(barig@c) {d}ba-ba6-na-nam
11'. 1(barig@c) nin-nu#-nam-szita
12'. 1(barig@c) nin-gil-sa
13'. 1(barig@c) uszur3#-ra-sa6
14'. 1(barig@c) nin#-ra-a-na-gu#-lu5
15'. [1(barig@c) nig2-banda3{da}]
16'. [1(barig@c) ...]
17'. [munus-me]
column 3
1. [szu-nigin2 2(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c)]
2. 8(asz@c) 1(disz@t) geme2# 1(barig@c)
3. sze-bi 2(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 1(barig) me-lu2
4. 2(barig@c) gala-tur
5. 1(barig@c) en-ku4
6. 1(barig@c) {d}mes#-an#-du-lu2#-sa6-ga
7. 1(barig@c) {d}nin-gir2-su#-igi#-du
8. 1(barig@c) sipa-iri#-da-kusz2#
9. 1(barig@c) zi#-mu-an#-da-gal2
10. nita-me
11. 1(barig@c) nin-szesz#-da
12. 1(barig@c)# nin#-edin-ne2
13. 1(barig@c) gan#-tilla2#
14. 1(barig@c) za-na#
15. munus#-me
16. szu-nigin2 1(asz@c) nita 2(barig@c)
17. 5(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c)
18. 4(asz@c)#? munus 1(barig@c)
19. sze-bi 2(asz@c) 3(barig@c) en-ku3
20. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) {d}inanna-ur-pa4-pa4
21. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) {d}utu-[igi]-du#
22. [1(barig@c) ur-{d}gaszam]
23. [1(barig@c) {d}utu-lu2-sa6-ga]
column 4
1. [1(barig@c) pa4-pa4-{d}]inanna#-ra#-DU#
2. <nita me>
3. 1(barig@c) [pa4-pa4]-{d#}ba-ba6-mu-tu
4. 1(barig@c) pa4-pa4-{d}inanna#-da-gal#-di
5. 1(barig@c) pa4-pa4-{d}nansze-mu#-tu#
6. [1(barig@c)] nin-tesz2-mu
7. munus-me
8. szu#-nigin2 2(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
9. 3(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c)
10. 4(asz@c)# munus 1(barig@c)
11. sze#-bi 2(asz@c) 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) lugal-sipa#
12. x u2#-bil-am6
13. 1(barig@c) szu-[na]
14. 1(barig@c) en-ku3#
15. 1(barig@c)# [{d}]nin#-gir2#-su#-[tesz2]-mu
16. nita#-me
17. 1(barig@c) nin-al-mah
18. 1(barig@c) nin-bara2-da-ri2
19. 1(barig@c) nin-masz-e
20. 1(barig@c) pa4-pa4-zi-mu#
21. [1(barig@c) {d}ba]-ba6-zi#-mu
22. munus-me
23. szu#-nigin2 4(asz@c) nita# 1(barig@c)
24. [5(asz@c)] munus# [1(barig@c)]
25. [sze-bi 2(asz@c) 1(barig@c)]
column 5
1. [ur-{d}nin-|MUSZ%MUSZ|-da-ru]
2. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) e2#!-zi
3. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)# szesz-lu2-du10
4. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)# {d}nin#-gir2-su#-lu2-mu
5. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) lugal-{d}nansze-mu-tu
6. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) lugal-lu2-du10
7. szu-nigin2 5(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
8. sze-bi 1(asz@c) 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) sag-{d}nin-gir2#-su-da
9. il2-me
10. 1(barig@c) ur-du6
11. 1(barig@c)# lugal-ga2#
12. 1(barig@c) {d#}[ba-ba6]-lu2#-sa6-ga
13. 1(barig@c)# PU3#-PU3-ga2#-ni-du10#
14. 1(barig@c)# lugal#-inim#-gi#-na
15. sagi#-me
16. 1(barig@c) ur-{d}ba-ba6
17. muhaldim
18. 1(barig@c) lugal#-surx(ERIM)
19. sukkal
20. 4(ban2@c) igi-mu-an#-sze3-gal2
21. lu2 e2-nig2-ka#
22. 1(barig@c) ur2-ni#
23. 1(barig@c) lugal#-tesz2-mu
24. [lu2 a-kum2-me]
column 6
1. [1(barig@c)] 2(ban2@c)# [en-da-gal-di]
2. 1(barig@c) [2(ban2@c) szesz]-lu2-[du10]
3. dub-sar-me
4. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) dingir-al-sa6
5. nita-am6
6. 4(ban2@c) {d}inanna-menx(|GA2xEN|)
7. munus#-am6
8. szu-i2-me
9. szu-nigin2 1(asz@c) lu2 2(barig@c)
10. 1(asz@c) 2(disz@t) lu2 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
11. 1(u@c) la2 1(asz@c) lu2# 1(barig@c)
12. 1(asz@c) lu2 4(ban2@c)#
13. nita-me
14. 1(asz@c) munus 4(ban2@c)
15. sze#-bi 3(asz@c)# 1(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) sza3#-dub-e2-gal
16. 1(barig@c)# {d}en-lil2#-da
17. 1(barig@c) [{d}]en#-ki#-tesz2-mu#
18. [simug-me]
19. [1(barig@c) i7-mud]
20. [1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)? sipa-lagasz{ki}]-e?-[ki-ag2]
21. aszgab# [me]
22. 1(barig@c) [2(ban2@c) e-ta-e11]
23. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) nam-szita-mu-bi2-du11
24. tug2-du8-[me]
25. [gesz-kin-ti-me]
column 7
1. [3(ban2@c) utu-lu2-mu]
2. 3(ban2@c) nig2-gur11-kur-ra
3. 3(ban2@c) nam-mah
4. 3(ban2@c) ur#-ki
5. 3(ban2@c) zi-mu
6. 3(ban2@c) igi-{d}ba-ba6-sze3
7. 3(ban2@c) ur-{d}pa-bil3-sag
8. 3(ban2@c) gub#-[ba-ni]
9. i3-du8-me
10. 3(ban2@c) [e]-ta#-e11#
11. lugal-inim-gi-na
12. sipa masz-da
13. e-da-ti#
14. 2(barig@c) {d}nin-gir2#-[su]-igi-du#
15. ur-{d}en-ki
16. sipa gu4-da
17. e-da-ti#
18. 1(asz@c)# lu2# [1(barig@c)] 2(ban2@c)#
19. [en]-DU
20. [2(asz@c)] lu2 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)#
21. lugal#-da-nu-me#-[a]
22. sipa# [udu] siki#-ka me#
23. [x] lu2# [1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)]
24. gir2#-nun#
25. gab2#-kas4#
  rest broken
column 8
  beginning broken
1'. [1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)] lugal#-[i3?]-nun#
2'. 1(barig@c) lugal-a-mu
3'. 4(ban2@c) za-na
4'. U2-U2
5'. sanga e2-gal#-da#
6'. e-da-se12
7'. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) ur-[{d}]inanna
8'. ma2-lah5
9'. szu-nigin2 1(asz@c) lu2 2(barig@c)
10'. 1(u@c) la2 1(asz@c) lu2 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
11'. 1(u@c) la2 1(asz@c)# lu2 1(barig@c)
12'. 7(asz@c) lu2 3(ban2@c)
13'. nita-me
14'. 1(asz@c)# munus# 4(ban2@c)#
15'. [sze-bi 6(asz@c) 3(barig@c)] 1(ban2@c)# [sza3]-dub# didli
16'. [4(ban2@c)] sa6#-sa6#
17'. 5(asz@c)# [dumu] nita# [2(ban2@c)]
18'. 2(asz@c) [dumu] munus 2(ban2@c)#
19'. 4(ban2@c) [nin-ama]-na#
20'. 2(ban2@c) dumu# [munus]
21'. 3(ban2@c)# [a-ra2-nu2]
22'. [2(ban2@c) dumu munus]
23'. [3(ban2@c) e2-ki-DU-DU-mu]
24'. [2(ban2@c) dumu nita]
25'. [3(asz@c) dumu munus 2(ban2@c)]
column 9
1. [3(ban2@c) nu-mu-na-szum2-mu]
2. [3(ban2@c) nin-ku3-su]
3. [3(ban2@c) nin-kisal-sze3]
4. 3(ban2@c) [nin-ra]-a-na#-[gu-lu5]
5. [3(ban2@c) nin-iri]-da#-[kusz2]
6. 3(ban2@c)# nin#-e2-unu#{ki}-ga-nir#-gal2
7. 3(ban2@c) e2-hi-li
8. 3(ban2@c) e2-hi-li
9. 2(disz@t)-kam#-ma
10. 3(ban2@c) e2#-ku3
11. 3(ban2@c) e2#-ku3
12. 2(disz@t)-kam#-ma
13. 3(ban2@c) geme2-ganun#
14. 3(ban2@c)# [geme2]-e2#-zi-da
15. 3(ban2@c) [iri-na]-a-na#-[gu-lu5]
16. 3(ban2@c)# be2#-[su]-ga2#
17. 3(ban2@c) [uszur3-ra-sa6]
18. [3(asz@c)] nu#-siki# munus# 3(ban2@c)#
19. szu#-nigin2 2(asz@c) geme2# 4(ban2@c)#
20. 2(u@c) [la2] 3(asz@c) geme2 3(ban2@c)
21. 6(asz@c) sza3#-du10 nita 2(ban2@c)#
22. 8(asz@c) [sza3-du10 munus 2(ban2@c)]
23. 3(asz@c) nu-siki# [munus 3(ban2@c)]
24. [sze-bi 4(asz@c) geszgal-si]
column 10
1'. 2(ban2@c)# dumu#-[nita]
2'. 2(ban2@c)# dumu munus#
3'. [3(ban2@c)] nin#-al-sa6#
4'. 2(ban2@c) dumu# munus
5'. 3(ban2@c) ama-bi#-a-ra2#-nu2#
6'. 2(ban2@c) dumu nita
7'. 3(asz@c) dumu munus 2(ban2@c)
8'. 3(ban2@c)# ama#-sa6#-ga
  rest broken
column 11
1'. 4(ban2@c) nin#-[inim]-zi#-[da]
2'. 2(ban2@c) dumu nita#
3'. szu-nigin2 4(asz@c) geme2 4(ban2@c)
4'. 2(u@c) la2 2(asz@c) geme2 3(ban2@c)
column 12
  column missing
reverse
column 1
  fragment "a" located here
1'. [4(ban2@c) szesz-e-a-na-ak]
2'. 2(asz@c) dumu#-[nita 2(ban2@c)]
3'. 3(ban2@c) nin-[szer7]-zi
4'. 2(ban2@c) dumu [munus]
5'. 3(ban2@c) nin-[bara2]-da-[ri2]
column 2
  column missing
column 3
1'. 4(ban2@c) {gesz}[ban]
2'. munus-[am6]
3'. 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c) bara2-zi
4'. u2-bil-am6#
  rest broken
column 4
  beginning broken
1'. szu-[nigin2] 1(asz@c) lu2# 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)
2'. [n(asz@c) lu2 4(ban2@c)]
3'. [n(asz@c) geme2 3(ban2@c)]
4'. [n(asz@c) sza3-du10 2(ban2@c)]
5'. sze#-bi# 1(asz@c) 1(barig@c) i3#-li2-be6-li2
6'. 4(ban2@c) za-na
7'. 4(ban2@c) {d}ba-ba6-lu2-ti#
8'. [4(ban2@c) nam-iri-na-sze3]
9'. 2(ban2@c) dumu munus
10'. 4(ban2@c) nin-nig2-u-mu
11'. 4(ban2@c) zi-le
12'. 4(ban2@c) nin#-[mu]-da#-[kusz2]
  rest broken
column 5
1. [{lu2}lungax(|BIxNIG2|)-me]
2. 4(ban2@c)# [nin]-tesz2-mu
3. 2(ban2@c) dumu munus
4. 4(ban2@c) nin-ba#-[ba]
5. [sze-bi 1(barig@c) 4(ban2@c)]
6. 4(ban2@c)# sal#-la#
7. 2(ban2@c) dumu munus
8. 4(ban2@c) sila4-tur
10. sze-bi# 1(barig@c) 4(ban2@c) ur-tul2-sag
11. [geme2 kikken]-me#
12. 3(ban2@c) i7-lu2#-dadag
13. 2(asz@c)# dumu munus 2(ban2@c)
14. 3(ban2@c)# nin-lu2-ti-ti
15. a#-ga-am-me
16. 3(ban2) nin-tigix(|E2.BALAG|)-ni-du10
17. gala#
18. 3(ban2)# nin-esz2-dam-me-ki-ag2
19. [2(ban2@c)] dumu# munus
20. 3(ban2@c) nin-u3-ma
  rest broken
column 6
1. 3(ban2) su6-mu2#
2. 3(ban2) e2-[ki]-be2-gi4#
3. 2(disz@t) dumu nita 2(ban2@c)
4. 2(ban2) dumu munus
5. 3(ban2) dam-a-mu#
6. 2(ban2) dumu munus
7. 3(ban2) {d}ba-ba6-zi-mu
8. 2(disz@t) dumu# [munus 2(ban2@c)]
9. [3(ban2)] nin#-[sza3]-la2#-tuku#
10. 2(disz@t) dumu# [munus 2(ban2@c)]
11. 3(ban2) za-na#
12. 3(ban2) {d}ba-ba6-ig#-gal
13. 2(ban2) dumu munus#
14. 3(ban2) {d}asznan#-ama#-mu
15. 3(ban2) nin-ur2#-ni
16. 3(ban2) nam#-dam#
17. 3(ban2) {d#}ba-ba6-tesz2-mu
18. 3(ban2) dumu munus
19. 1(asz@c) nu-siki munus 4(ban2@c)
20. [1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)] ne-sag#
21. a#-dun#
22. [umma{ki}-kam]
23. szu#-nigin2# 1(asz@c) nita 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)#?
24. 1(asz@c) munus 4(ban2@c)#
25. 2(u) la2# [3(disz@t) geme2 3(ban2)]
26. 2(disz@t)? [sza3-du10 nita 2(ban2)]
column 7
1. 1(u) sza3-du10 munus 2(ban2)
2. sze-bi 3(disz@t) 2(barig) geme2 szah2 nig2-gu7-a-me
3. [3(ban2@c) szesz]-a#-mu
4. geme2 masz#-kam
5. lugal#-pa-e3
6. sipa szah2
column 8
1. szu#-[nigin2] 3(u@c)# [x] lu2# 2(barig@c) 4(ban2@c)
2. 7(asz@c)# lu2 2(barig@c)
3. 5(u@c) 6(asz@c) 1(u) 2(disz@t) lu2 1(barig@c) 2(ban2@c)#
4. 4(u@c) la2 3(disz@t) lu2# 1(barig@c)
5. 2(asz@c) lu2 4(ban2@c)
6. 8(asz@c) lu2 3(ban2@c)
7. 2(u@c) la2 1(asz@c) 6(disz@t) lu2 2(ban2@c)
8. nita-me
9. 2(u@c) 2(disz@t) munus 1(barig@c)
10. 5(u@c) la2 3(disz@t) munus 4(ban2@c)
11. 1(gesz2@c) 1(asz@c) 2(u) 1(disz@t)# munus 3(ban2@c)
12. 3(u@c) la2 1(disz@t) nita! 2(ban2@c)
column 9
1. [gu2-an-sze3 x lu2 sze-ba tur] mah#-ba#
2. [sze-bi x x x gur saggal]
3. [sze-ba] geme2 dumu [igi-nu]-du8# sza3#-[dub didli]
4. [{d}ba-ba6]
5. [URU-KA-gi]-na#
6. [lugal]
7. [lagasz{ki}]-ke4
8. [... {d}]ba#-ba6-ta#
9. [e-ne]-ba# [1(|ASZxDISZ@t|)]
column 10
1. 1(u) ba#-am6

Text content

Genre(s) Administrative
Language(s) Sumerian

Chronology

Period ED IIIb (ca. 2500-2340 BC)
Accounting Period

Record

LOD URI https://cdli.network/entity/P227558

Physical information

Artifact type Tablet
Dimensions 194.0 mm × 188.0 mm
Weight
Material(s) Clay
Preservation

Provenance

Provenience
Written In
Archive
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s) J. Pierpont Morgan Library Collection, Yale Babylonian Collection, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
Museum Number MLC 02610
Accession Number

External resources

External Resource Identifiers
Yale Babylonian Collection (YBC) BC-002557
Electronic Babylonian Library (eBL) MLC.2610

References

  • primary: FAOS 15/2, 123

    [Selz1993FAOS15/2] Selz, Gebhard J. 1993. Altsumerische Verwaltungstexte Aus Lagaš. Teil 2: Altsumerische Wirtschaftsurkunden Aus Amerikanischen Sammlungen. Freiburger Altorientalische Studien, Band 15/2. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Revisions and credits

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2023-01-19 at 10:11:27 Pagé-Perron, Émilie Artifact metadata Földi, Zsombor J.; Jiménez, Enrique; Pagé-Perron, Émilie Electronic Babylonian Library Pagé-Perron, Émilie Approved View
2022-02-17 at 11:33:34 Pagé-Perron, Émilie Transliteration Pagé-Perron, Émilie CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2017-03-04 at 12:42:15 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration CDLI, CDLI CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2015-05-07 at 08:45:00 CDLI, CDLI Transliteration CDLI, CDLI CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-10-21 at 08:40:33 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-10-20 at 07:10:34 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-09-21 at 05:17:58 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-09-15 at 09:49:47 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-08-29 at 13:59:07 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-08-22 at 06:24:23 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2008-10-09 at 16:05:21 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2008-06-16 at 21:57:29 Foxvog, Daniel A. Transliteration Foxvog, Daniel A. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2006-10-12 at 12:36:02 CDLI, CDLI Transliteration CDLI, CDLI CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2003-08-19 at 00:00:00 CDLI, CDLI Artifact metadata Johnson, J. Cale CDLI, CDLI Approved View

Cite this Artifact

“FAOS 15/2, 123 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2023. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). February 1, 2023. https://cdli.earth/P227558.
FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry (No. P227558). (2023, February 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P227558 (Original work published 2003)
FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry (2023) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P227558 (Accessed: October 7, 2026).
@misc{2023FAOS,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-07]},
	year = {2023},
	month = {feb 1},
	title = {FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P227558},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P227558},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2023/2/1/
PY  - 2023
ID  - P227558
LB  - CDLI:P227558
M1  - 2026/10/7/
TI  - FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P227558
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“FAOS 15/2, 123 Artifact Entry.” (2003) 2023. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). February 1, 2023. https://cdli.earth/P227558.
FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry (No. P227558). (2023, February 1). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P227558 (Original work published 2003)
FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry (2023) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P227558 (Accessed: October 7, 2026).
@misc{2023FAOS,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-07]},
	year = {2023},
	month = {feb 1},
	title = {FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P227558},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P227558},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2023/2/1/
PY  - 2023
ID  - P227558
LB  - CDLI:P227558
M1  - 2026/10/7/
TI  - FAOS 15/2, 123 artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P227558
ER  -
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