AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M (P101751)

Legal tablet excavated in Umma (mod. Tell Jokha), dated to the Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC) period and now kept in National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Collection(s)

National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK

Museum Number

NMS A.1976.118

Period

Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)

Provenience

Umma (mod. Tell Jokha)

Artifact Type

Tablet

Material(s)

Clay

Genre / Subgenre(s)

Legal

Language(s)

Sumerian

Measurements

77.0 mm × 85.0 mm × 28.0 mm

Text

tablet
obverse
column 1
1. [1(disz)] lugal-za3-e3
2. [1(disz)] uszumgal
3. aga3#-us2 lugal-me
4. [1(disz)] lu2-dingir-ra
5. [1(disz)] nam-ha-ni
6. dam#-gar3-me
7. e2-ki-sa6 lugal-pa-e3 ensi2-ka in-ba-al-esz2
8. e2# nin-e2-balag-ni-ka# ba-ba bi2-du11
9. [...]
10. [1(disz) lu2-{d}er3-ra nimgir]
11. [1(disz) ...]
column 2
1. 1(disz) lugal-ezem
2. ugula-gesz2-da-me
3. lu2-inim-ma-sze3 im-ta-e3-esz2
4. u3 lu2-{d}er3-ra nimgir-e
5. u4 e2-ki-sa6 ba-ba-al-la-a
6. a-bu-ni kaskal-a mu-ti-la-am3 bi2-du11
7. mu nig2-da nu-[...]-la2#?-a#?
8. [...]
reverse
column 1
1. [...]
2'. [...] x x x
  1 line blank
3'. igi ensi2-ka-sze3
4'. igi lu2-{d}nanna sukkal-sze3
5'. u3 igi ab-ba-iri 5(disz)-sze3
6'. 1(disz) lugal-ezem ku3-dim2-e
7'. 1(u) gin2 har ku3-sig17
8'. a-i3-li2-szu in-szi-sa10 bi2-du11
9'. nu-sa10-a a-i3-li2 mu lugal-bi in-pa3
10'. 1(disz) a-du-du ku3-dim2-ma
11'. ba-an-szub{ub} nig2-na-me nu-zu bi2-du11
column 2
1. [...]
2. [...]
3'. 1(disz) giri3-ni-i3-sa6 dam-gar3-a
4'. 1/3(disz) ma-na 3(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar in-da-tuku bi2-du11
5'. ku3-bi in-ni-la2
6'. ur-mes kas4-kam iri-a mu-kux(DU)
7'. mu 3(disz)-a e2-ki-sa6
8'. lu2-{d}utu-ka nu-ba-al-e-da
9'. 1/3(disz) [ma]-na ku3-sig17
10'. ur#-nigar{gar#}-ke4 in-[ni]-la2# bi2-du11
left
column 1
1. [ki ...]-igi-ba-sa6 lu2-na-ta
column 2
  beginning broken
1'. szu ba-a-[an-ti]

Text content

Genre(s) Legal
Language(s) Sumerian

Chronology

Period Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)
Accounting Period

Record

LOD URI https://cdli.network/entity/P101751

Physical information

Artifact type Tablet
Dimensions 77.0 mm × 85.0 mm × 28.0 mm
Weight
Material(s) Clay
Preservation 50% (Surface: Excellent)

Provenance

Provenience Umma (mod. Tell Jokha)
Written In
Archive
Excavation Number
Findspot
Stratigraphic Level
Elevation

Collections

Collection(s) National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
Museum Number NMS A.1976.118
Accession Number

External resources

External Resource Identifiers
Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts (BDTNS) 018379

References

  • primary: AOAT 025 (pp. 439-450), 445 R Scot M

    [Sollberger1976AOAT25] Sollberger, Edmond. 1976. “Some Legal Documents of the Third Dynasty of Ur.” Edited by B. L. Eichelr. Kramer Anniversary Volume : Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer, Alter Orient und Altes Testament, 25: 439–50.

  • history: Fs Charpin, p.693-712, p. 704

    [Molina2019tomb-robbers] Molina, Manuel. 2019. “Sumerian Judicial Procedures against Tomb Robbers.” In De l’argile Au Numérique. Mélanges Assyriologiques En l’honneur de Dominique Charpin, edited by Grégory Chambon, Michaël Guichard, and Anne-Isabelle Langlois, 693–712. Publications de l’Institut Du Proche-Orient Ancien Du Collège de France 3. Leuven: Peeters.

Revisions and credits

Created Creator Type Authors Project Reviewer Status Action
2024-08-26 at 10:22:30 Firth, Richard Artifact metadata, Other metadata Firth, Richard Firth, Richard Approved View
2024-06-26 at 08:35:23 Firth, Richard Artifact metadata, Other metadata Firth, Richard Firth, Richard Approved View
2011-07-22 at 13:19:09 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration Englund, Robert K. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2011-05-02 at 14:05:26 Englund, Robert K. Transliteration Englund, Robert K. CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2006-10-12 at 12:14:57 CDLI, CDLI Transliteration CDLI, CDLI CDLI, CDLI Approved View
2001-12-20 at 00:00:00 CDLI, CDLI Artifact metadata CDLI, CDLI CDLI, CDLI Approved View

Cite this Artifact

“AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M Artifact Entry.” (2001) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). August 26, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P101751.
AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry (No. P101751). (2024, August 26). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P101751 (Original work published 2001)
AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P101751 (Accessed: October 28, 2026).
@misc{2024AOAT,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-28]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {aug 26},
	title = {AOAT 025, 445 {R} {Scot} {M} artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P101751},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P101751},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/8/26/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P101751
LB  - CDLI:P101751
M1  - 2026/10/28/
TI  - AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P101751
ER  -

Cite this Artifact

“AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M Artifact Entry.” (2001) 2024. Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). August 26, 2024. https://cdli.earth/P101751.
AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry (No. P101751). (2024, August 26). Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). https://cdli.earth/P101751 (Original work published 2001)
AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry (2024) Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI). Available at: https://cdli.earth/P101751 (Accessed: October 28, 2026).
@misc{2024AOAT,
	note = {[Online; accessed 2026-10-28]},
	year = {2024},
	month = {aug 26},
	title = {AOAT 025, 445 {R} {Scot} {M} artifact entry},
	url = {https://cdli.earth/P101751},
	howpublished = {https://cdli.earth/P101751},
}


TY  - ELEC
DA  - 2024/8/26/
PY  - 2024
ID  - P101751
LB  - CDLI:P101751
M1  - 2026/10/28/
TI  - AOAT 025, 445 R Scot M artifact entry
UR  - https://cdli.earth/P101751
ER  -
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